Causal Thinking Based On Correlational Findings - 1533 Words

This causal thinking based on correlational findings is very similar to race theory and the obsession with finding a genetic basis to racial categorization and racial superiority among whites. As discussed on January 30th, Dr. Miller explained how Sam Morton studied skulls, creating a hierarchical system, placing Caucasians at the top and Africans at the bottom arguing that IQ was related to the cephalic index of an individual (Dr. Miller, 1/30/17, UC Berkeley). This overestimation of biological factors and a disregard of developmental and cultural factors is very similar to the desire for sex researchers to find one master gene to explain sex differentiation, not understanding the complexity and range of both genetic and phenotypic†¦show more content†¦Jennifer Graves and Roger Short had similar criticisms arguing that bias played a role in the search for a master gene solely among the Y, explaining that by doing this they eliminated all possibilities of the role of the X c hromosome in sex determination. Intersex individuals and the perpetuation of binary bodies Through examining the ways intersex individuals are treated in a medical setting, one can see how science only allows binary bodies to be created. Crawley et al. (2007) discusses intersex individuals and the standard treatment of intersex children, being to alter their ‘abnormal’ genitalia to resemble one of the two genders. This has become the normal treatment as if this is necessary, but the only threat the child is in danger of is not fitting perfectly into the heteronormative standard of correct genitalia. Because surgical intervention proves we alter and change one’s sex, it becomes difficult to claim that sex and gender are solely biological, when clearly one’s gender and sex becomes largely altered the moment they are born into society. Anne Fausto Sterling, outlines her concept of the five sexes, explaining that intersex is a term used to describe any individual that doesn’t fit into the narrow categories of male and female. She explains that the same process that was in play in the Middle Ages isShow MoreRelatedAlthough many people believe that the only way to confidently make causal inferences in the1400 Words   |  6 PagesAlthough many people believe that the only way to confidently make causal inferences in the psychology world is through true experiments, I believe that observational and other quasi experiments can be just as effective for making cause and effect conclusions. One of the cardinal rules in psychology, of course, is that correlation does not equal causation. While this is true, I strongly believe that when certain conditions are met, we can infer causation even with nonexperimental data. I have learnedRead MoreHow A 2d Framework Of Mind Perception899 Words   |  4 Pagesout potential third variables. Noticing the impact of gender on some of the correlations and effect sizes, they reported findings controlled for gender in each analysis. H owever, despite Gray et al. s effort to strengthen the study, there were several limitations to the study that threatened its internal and external validity. Due to correlational nature of the study, causal conclusions could not be drawn since the relationship between mind perception and psychopathology could be bidirectional.Read MorePersonality Is Influenced By The Age 30 Or If It s Mind Is Can Personality Change?1188 Words   |  5 Pagesexperience and events not the measurement of time, thus enforcing the argument that personality can change throughout and individual’s lifespan. According to Lilienfeld, Lynn, Namy, Woolf, (2010) the term personality refers to ‘individual patterns of thinking, feeling and behaving that tend to persist across time and contexts†. Personality is more than individual differences; personality is how people interact and evolve in certain environments. All types of environments shape how people process thoughtsRead MoreResearch Paradigm14392 Words   |  58 Pagesa p t e r 2 : Q u a n t i t a t i ve , Q u a l i t a t i ve , a n d M i xe d R e s e a r c h A research paradigm is a perspective about research held by a community of researchers that is based on a set of shared assumptions, concepts, values, and practices. More simply,it is an approach to thinking about and doing research.In this chapter we introduce you to the three major educational research paradigms or approaches: quantitative research, qualitative research, and mixed research. MixedRead MoreChildren Should Find School Hard That Do Not Qualify For Pupil Premium1368 Words   |  6 Pagesachievement according to socio-economic status, with family income and status by far the most significant indicator of success in the school system (Mongon and Chapman 2008; Strand 2008). By the age of three, there can be a noticeable gap in cognitive thinking between children from the poorest backgrounds compared to children from better-off backgrounds (Feinstein 2003; Goodman and Greg 2010). This ‘attainment gap’ widens as children pass through the education system, with pupils eligible for free schoolRead MoreConcepts And Assumptions While Conducting Research1425 Words   |  6 Pagesassumptions while conducting research. These different perspectives can be described as paradigm. Cooper and White (2012) state that â€Å"a paradigm can be viewed as a set of logically related assumptions, concepts, or principles that tend to guide our thinking and the important assumptions that we have about how the world functions† (p. 15). In the field of education, there are two widely recognized research paradigms: qualitative and quantitative. As one of the most important research paradigms, quantitativeRead MoreThe Influence of Alcohol Consumption on Human Behavior:2783 Words   |  12 PagesRunning Head: ALCOHOL VERSUS CRITICAL THINKING The Influence of Alcohol Consumption on Human Behavior: How Alcohol Affect Critical Thinking The Influence of Alcohol Consumption on Critical Thinking: How Alcohol Affect Humans Perception Introduction Critical thinking is our ability to apply the law of logic on our everyday decision making processes based on the information and evidences that we have (Furedy Furedy, 1985). Previous studies showed the strong relationship between alcohol and negativeRead MoreViolent Video Games And Violence1533 Words   |  7 Pagescreated adolescent mass murderers. This only demonstrates that the predominant belief regarding violent video games and mass shootings over the past two decades is resilient despite the empirical research studies refuting their opinionated claims based. Researchers have tried to establish a scientific basis for understanding in society, but it still has not satisfied the search for the truth behind the mass shooters’ motives and actions. So in order to further understand the link between violentRead MoreMy Current Therapy Practicum At Hartgrove Hospital3718 Words   |  15 Pagesarbitrary stimuli can become equivalent to each other (Cullen, 2008). This process is important because it underlies how humans create equivalency between thoughts and feelings, which results in thoughts becoming as powerful as the event. For example, thinking about being anxious may become as strong as the anxiety itself, and an individual may try to avoid or escape from the anxious thoughts as if it were the anxiety provoking event. During the time period that ACT was developing, the professional worldRead MoreCountry of Origin Effect6391 Words   |  26 Pagesthe country of origin to be a salient cue in buyers evaluations of product quality. However, due to other conflicting findings, some questions have been raised about the theory and methodology of the research (Bilkey and Nes, 1982; Jaffe and Nebenzahl, 1984) as well as whether the country of origin effect even exists (Johansson et al.; Schellinck, 1986). The conflicting findings in the literature have been attributed, in part, to the methodological limitations of past studies (Bilkey and Nes, 1982)