How far is Odysseuss status Essay Example for Free

How far is Odysseuss status EssayThroughout the Odyssey, Odysseus is portrayed as a Greek hero. However this provide be contradicted. In many events Odysseus toilette be perceived as un-heroic at times. Therefore the above rehearsal can be argued. Throughout this piece of work I will be discussing this statement and I will gradually draw closer to a conclusion. Odysseus shows leadership as he produces very clever ideas and performs quick-thinking actions. Throughout the narrative he has planned strategies, for example, every time Odysseus and his men reach an island he endlessly sends his men first to investigate the surroundings. This quality can be seen as cunning and therefore he can be seen as a hero. His record can be seen as caring and scheming. In many periods of the book this can be proved. He stays calm in situations and when his men devolve he thinks of them, and when in trouble he does his best to help them says quote, we travelled with heavy hearts, grieving for the loss of our dear friends.. (Book 10 Line 133) Odysseus can be seen as resourceful, for example, he tool the undiluted wine with him when going into the Cyclopss cave, which then later came into use as it saved his men and himself escape to safety.He is seen as shrewd as he uses a false name when speaking with the Cyclops which again later on clutchs its effect when the men are absconding from the dangers of the Cyclops. regular though Odysseus can be seen as a hero, in some cases he cannot be depicted as cunning. For example, he decided to ignore his crews innuendo to escape with the food in the Cyclopss cave. Even though he was right to do the hospitable and respectable thing to do, by staying in the cave to recognize their host, he made the wrong decision as the by staying he risked the lives of his men.Odysseus can be thought of as violent as he blind Polyphemus with a stake. This could be looked at as un-heroic and wrong, but it can also be seen as him being vengeful f or his killed crew. Therefore these different situations can be looked at from two perspectives. He could be seen as hospitable and vengeful, which are true qualities of a hero, or he can be looked at as a violent person who has bad judgement. It all depends on the readers standpoint. Odysseus has a very strong birth with the Gods, especially with Athenes and Hermes.For example Hermes helped Odysseus by giving him the moly flower. This can be looked at from two angles. Odysseus might seem not so heroic as he needs help from the powers that be, and he might be seen as dependent on the Gods. But this can be argued as only some people would think that only a hero can receive such gifts from the gods and that there has to be something special about him, and also Athene was known for helping heroes which could prove that he was one. Therefore, again, this line of reasoning could be argued. Odysseus and his men have lack trust and confidence in their relationships.This reflects badly upo n Odysseus as it shows he is not leadership material. For example When Odysseus and his men sailed away from the Island of Aelia, Odysseus had veritable the gift of the winds. His crew did not trust Odysseus and opened the bag, thinking it was gold, and released the winds. This shows a lack of trust. Another example that shows a requirement of confidence in their relationship is when one of Odysseuss men, Eurylochus, says You will never come back yourself and wont rescue a single man of your crew. I am certain of it. Let you queer away quickly with those that are left here.(Book 10 Line 268). This shows that his men think that their destiny with Odysseus will lead to death. They feel as if his leadership is endangering them which shows that they do not think of him as a hero and influences the reader to think the same, even though Odysseus tries his best and up most to rescue his men In my opinion, I think that Odysseus is a heroic figure. This is because in the book he is proved to be cunning, caring and an important figure. There are many events in the book that contradict this, but they can be argued to whether Odysseus was really in the wrong.For example, he wanted to stay in Polyphemuss cave because he wanted to be hospitable (which is the right thing to do), and he was not aware of the dangers that were at hand. He can be seen as violent, but revenge was his only motivation, when he blinded the Cyclops. Therefore, I think that Odysseus can be categorised under hero, and I think that Odysseuss status throughout the Odyssey all depends on how the reader interprets the events that take place as they always have two aspects to look at.

Student Loan Debt Essay Example for Free

Student loanword Debt EssaySummarize the student bringword industry. Answer with respect to both public and reclusive brings and be clear as to which you argon referring to. a) What led to the instauration of the student loan market? The inception of the student loan market started like each otherwise loan market, there were a large amount of borrowers who needed money in a flash to invest in college to micturate more later that were matched with lenders who had repletion funds and wanted return on the funds. The National Defense bringing up Act of 1958 which provided loans to students in higher commandment institutions started the student loan market.This was supposed to suffice train students to get jobs that pass on help them succeed and in turn help our nation succeed. b) What major changes perplex occurred over the old age? The biggest changes in the loan industry accept been the recent dramatic increase in enrollment at colleges. An alarming trend in the la st twenty familys is that appropriations to universities per profuse time student ar going down while public four year tuition and fees are increasing. Total bulgestanding student loan debt, add together of student borrowers and average debt per borrower has been steadily increasing over the last decade.Recent changes include private lenders becoming less inclined to lend. b. i) Since 2004 both the number of student loan borrowers, and the average balance per borrower has steadily increased, according to data compiled by the Fed New York (b. i. 1) 2004 25-year olds with student debt was just over 25% large to more than 40% (2013) (b. i. 2) 2012 Number of student loan borrowers totaled almost 40M and the average balance per borrower was slightly less than $25k (b. i. 2. a) 40% had balances less than $10k 30% had balances among $10k and $25k 4% over $100k c) What is the current source of financing?c. i) $1T financed by the federal government c. ii) $. 2T financed by private le nders (c. ii. 1) They are lending less c. iii) national (c. iii. 1) play up approximately 85% of the total student debt undischarged (c. iii. 2) 93% of all new loans continuing to increase since the Recession (c. iii. 3) Credit Check non required but may be turned down if they are delinquent on existing student loan (c. iii. 4) 21% were delinquent 2012 c. iv) mysterious (c. iv. 1) Private student loan market includes loans made not only by banks, but also loans made by credit unions, state agencies, and schools themselves (c. iv.2) Makes up about 15% of the total student debt outstanding (c. iv. 3) 2008 was $25B 2012 it is $8B since Recession (c. iv. 4) Credit Check, full underwriting guarantor (90%) (c. iv. 4. a) Underwriting has stricken since (c. iv. 5) 4% are delinquent 2012 (c. iv. 6) Tough to structure c. v) Both often have a 6 month grace period d) How are lending decisions made by lenders in todays world? For private lenders, lending decisions today have tightened dr amatically since the recent economic recession, and it seems as though they are ducking out of the student loan industry because of all the bad loans they have on their balance sheets.Federal lenders have gone the complete other way they do not have stringent requirements for the loans that they are go bying out. Borrowers are encouraged to slime out their federal lending before they go to their private lending. e) How are borrower decisions made by borrowers in todays world? They have very little choice when choosing alternatives for student loans, these options include private lending and federal lending. A borrower should max out their federal loans then go on and be as prudent as they mountain when selecting a private loan.There is also a omit of transparency that makes it difficult for borrowers to pick private loans after they have maxed out their federal loans. Therefore the decisions are incredibly difficult to make after you max out your federal loans. Every student sho uld be diligent and use all of the options that are set in question number three to make the best borrowing decision as possible. f) What is the size of the market today? How has its size evolved since its inception? f. i) Same statistics listed in 1c are relevant here f. ii) How has it evolved since its inception? The Market size of student loans is $1.2 Trillion, private accounting for $0. 2 Trillion and federal accounting for $1 Trillion. Student Loans hearn out have been increasing, student loan debt outstanding has been increasing and average student loan debt per borrower has been increasing. Some believe that these may cause problems and increase outstanding debt and defaults which tax remunerateers have to pay. era government professionals may believe that taking a hit now to help consumers get higher paying jobs may be worth it in the long run so they can start consuming. 2) How have student loans been treated in bankruptcy historically and today?a) Include in your get a long information about how the treatment impacts lending b) Include in your answer information about how the treatments impacts the economy c) There is some controversy here wherefore does that arise? d) What might happen if the laws changed? Before 1976 student loans were discharge able in bankruptcy this policy did have some loopholes though and when it comes to loopholes in money you do not want to leave many. Student loans stopped becoming dischargeable because they were afraid that the students would take advantage of the opportunity to file bankruptcy and rid themselves of student loan debt and spill the system.Dis get outing the discharge of student loan debt helps to increase incentives for lending since borrowers are stuck on the hook and have to pay it back this makes the lenders feel more comfortable and increases their willingness to lend. This can have multiple impacts on the economy because if student loan borrowers are no longer able to file for bankruptcy on their student loans you are more likely to have a generation of student borrowers that cannot pay their debts. If students graduate with a large amount of debt they are less likely to be consuming products like mortgage or gondola car loans which help our economy run more efficiently.Some student borrowers may end up not borrowing because of the increased risk due to no bankruptcy. Lastly, a horrible scenario may be that lenders know that student loan borrowers cannot default therefore they hand out loans for anyone that wants them because the lender knows they will be stuck on the hook. This has horrible ramifications because one should never lend when they do not believe the borrower will be able to pay them back. 3) Outside of bankruptcy, what ways of dealing with non-payment of student loans exist? How might each affect the economy? a) Students who cannot pay off their student loans can a.i) chat to your high school financial aid office a. ii) Shop for lower interest pass judgment and loans that offer flexibility a. iii) Do not believe the rates as stated because they are stated for the highest credit scores a. iv) Fill out a FAFSA a. v) Search for scholarships a. vi) Apply for income-based give backment plans (must meet criteria of the Department of Education partial financial hardship (a. vi. 1) Could be 10-20% of discretionary income depending on how you apply a. vii) Enter public service such as teaching or other government jobs and you can discharge your loan after 10 years of making regular payments a.viii) The right to change payments from 10 years to 25 years decreasing your monthly payment while increasing the interest payment b) Some worry that people are taking advantage of some of the in a higher place options for student loan debt and are hurting the economy c) If I were a future student loan borrower I would try to get my loan in as quickly as possible and enjoy the lower rates because there is reason to believe that the rate can go up since i t is now attached to 10-year Treasury Notes student loan delinquency can really take a hit on your credit score.Whenever someone defaults on a student loan the burden falls on the taxpayers of the country. If students represent ways to get out of their student loan debt they would end up leaving the taxpayers to pay it off for them. There is reason to believe that being more lenient on student loan delinquency will allow students to finish their education and get a job that will allow them to pay off their student loan and eventually put more money into the economy. One luminary solution that I found interesting was to hold schools accountable for their students.Schools that receive subsidized loan money could be left on the hood for a percentage of the loan balance if the student defaults. This would encourage colleges to pick the best applicants that they believe will finish school with a degree that will allow them to get a job that will pay off their student loan and hopefull y buy a mortgage and lease a car to help the economy run more efficiently. 4) What is the impact of the existence of student loans on universities and tuition? a) The existence of student loans results in demands on universities what are these?Universities are positively impacted by the existence of student loans because without them they would have to exponentially lower tuition. This is the same logic that universities have used to raise the price of their tuition. It is truthful supply and demand economics, Joe Schmoe high school graduate gets into a fancy college that costs $40k a year and Joe can easily get a loan. determine college gets excited and realizes that the demand for the college is not as affected by price change as they might expect and they raise their tuition until finding the optimal price.The overall impact of this raised tuition is that students will have to take on larger student debts to be able to afford tuition at these universities. The larger loans th at student takes the more likely they will end up delinquent on their loans. When students are delinquent on their loans they may end up going into default or not finishing school. In both situations the students end up negatively affecting the economy because the delinquent could end up having taxpayers pay for their defaulted loan and the college dropout will be less likely to pay off their loan due to low income opportunities with no college degree.5) What is the relationship of student lending to other forms of lending? a) For the first time in years a. i) Outstanding student loan debt is greater than outstanding credit card debt (a. i. 1) Student Loan debt is second only to Mortgage Debt a. ii) 30 year olds with student loans are now less likely to take on housing debt than 30 year olds without student debt a. iii) 25 year olds with student loans are now less likely to take on housing debt than 25 year olds without student debt b) Since the percentage point in household debt i n the third quarter of 2008, student loan debt has increased by $293B b.i) Other forms of debt fell a combined $1. 53 billion b. ii) Only form of debt to substantially increase since the 2008 crisis b. iii) Mortgage balances shown on consumer credit reports dropped (b. iii. 1) Originations are 17. 4% below Q1 2011 b. iv) Credit Card Balances 21. 6% below Q4 of 2008 c) 15% of delinquent student loan borrowers also have delinquent auto loans, 35% have delinquent credit card debt and just over 25% are delinquent on mortgage payments The bottom line is if students are leaving school withmore debt, than they will be less able to take on more loans in the housing, credit and auto loan industry, which help power our economy. Two things can end up happening, student loan borrowers will be turned down when seeking lending in the auto or mortgage industry because of the stigma attached to student loans. Another chance is that a small but significant amount of students take on multiple loans during college and accumulates large amounts outstanding debt in all areas.The most important and iterate statement of this paper will be that the taxpayers will have to pay the loans when students default. 6) What Fed actions (during the past decade) have impacted the student loan industry? 7) why is the Fed concerned about student loans? What is its actual role here? The Fed is concerned about student loans because it is now the second largest form of outstanding debt and it has been growing. There is reason to believe that it will continue to grow due to low employment encouraging people to stay in school or go back to school.Another pressing concern is that a large amount of these student loans are federally insured and could increase the budget deficit. And to ingeminate the most important factor that when students default on their student loans, the burden will be placed firmly on the lap of the taxpayers. The role of the Federal Reserve Bank is to supervise participants i n the student loan market. Supervision of participants in the student loan market is similar to their supervision of other retail credit markets and products meaning they are able to go over what you buy aka Student Loans bought by private institutions.Institutions subject to Federal Reserve supervision are subject to onsite examinations that evaluate the institutions risk-management practices, including the institutions adherence to sound underwriting standards, timely recognition of loan deterioration and appropriate loan loss provisioning, as well as (to a limited degree) compliance with consumer protection standards. Many of these institutions have significant student loan portfolios. A large concern the Fed may have about student loans is that of the relevant information (relevant statistics) about student loans are unknown.In the finance world investors are willing to pay for a larger degree of certainty so this proposes a large problem. One action the Fed took was deploying Capital Analysis and Review (CARR) which is a supervisory tool that the Fed deploys to enhance financial stability by assessing all exposures on bank balance sheets. Large US banks are strongly encouraged to be forward looking for and account for unique risks and keeping sufficient capital so we can continue operations during time of economic and financial distress. The large US Banks that CARR searched found that they held $63B in government and private student loan debt outstanding $26. 3B of which is outstanding. The Federal Reserve also developed guidance outlining loan modification procedures with the Feral financial Institution Examination Council which discusses how banks should engage in extensions, deferrals, renewals and rewrites of closed-end retail loans (including private student loans). They encourage that any restructuring should be based on renewed willingness/ability to repay and must be consistent with the banks policies.They note that lenders should work with b orrowers who have a legitimate claim to financial hardship. These concerns are shared with the OCC and FDIC they are even allowing institutions to go against GAAP. The Federal Reserve is really helping borrowers and investors by encouraging lenders to be as transparent as possible. Information should be clear and easily sociable to borrowers and should include information on how to contact the lender or servicer to discuss the programs that might best fit their specific needs.

Thomas Hobbs Theory On Human Nature And Ethics Philosophy Essay

Thomas Hobbs Theory On Human Nature And Ethics ism EssayMany community ar content with the way things argon. I believe that the majority of right aways civilization is in a neutral earth of disposition and dont really care to know how this state of contentment became. One word basin sum up the many reasons that things are the way they are today that word is venerate.Through step to the fore history, there are examples of how certain events weed happen that allow arrest people to become overwhelmed with fear. Part of the reason for this, is these events take a crap move the confidence that many leave behind have in their various leaders and political systems. at one time this takes place, it means that the accessible fabric holding society together, go forth completely deteriorate. When this happens a majority of people go forth capture to fend for themselves, versus attempting to work within the social frame work. In almost cases, a recent society go out quickly emerge to fill this void because the masses are desperate for virtually kind of law and order. To achieve this objective, many result often give up their personal freedoms for the benefit of the root word. A good example of this form previous times can be seen in Germany afterwards the end of World War I. Where, the majority of the people would lose confidence in their leaders, because of the economic and social upheavals that were occurring. (Holocaust Encyclopedia )This is significant, because it shows how the loss of confidence in a political / social system can have devastating consequences down the road. To understand this aspect of human nature and how ethics affects thinking star can pick up the ideas of Thomas Hobbes. I will illustrate Thomas Hobbes theory on human nature and ethics by using William Goldings noble of the Flies. I will also attempt to use firsthand knowledge of the state of nature that still equals in some societies in todays modern times. Together, these two elements will take into account insights as to how Hobbes theories can explain human nature and ethics.Thomas Hobbes discusses his distinct ideas on human nature and the role of ethics in a multi-volume work that he wrote called Leviathan. Wherein all he would write a total of four volumes underscoring his views. Volume one (Of Man), volume two (Of Common-wealth), volume three (Of Christian Common-wealth), and volume four (Of the Kingdom of Darkness), of these volumes, volume one is where Hobbes establishes the basic foundation for his theories, as he would use the some former(a) volumes to elaborate on specific aspects of his theory. (Hobbes lesson and Political Philosophy)At the heart of Hobbes political and social philosophy is his social embrace theory. This merely means that the people will have an agreement with the disposal for certain protections, economic well being, and freedom. This balance between the people and the government is what Hobbes refers to a s civilization. This state of civilization is made possible by human laws or as Hobbes states Lex naturalis. With Hobbes social contract theory people are willing give up a certain arrive of their freedoms, to receive the above benefits from the government or Leviathan. According to Hobbes, this is the basic social foundation that exists in all societies around the globe, (with some kind of balance taking place in one form or another). (Hobbes Moral and Political Philosophy)Yet, when you look further, it is clear that there will be times that these kinds of social contracts will become no womb-to-tomb valid. Once this is occurs, is when a state of nature exists or as Hobbes states Jus natural. This is where everyone would have the right, to do any actions or activities of their choosing. The reason why, is because there are no rules or regulation to guide the actions of everyone. At which point, more people would begin to use these activities as a way to achieve their own objectiv es and survival. When this takes place, it means that there will be a constant state of war between everyone in society. A survival of the fittest mentality quickly roachs in and takes shape. At which point, the overall persona of life will decline, while the rates of what civilization refers to as immortality, increases. To make out this atmosphere of lawlessness, the people will form some kind of social contract with each other. This is when they will create a society and government that will have the authority over everyone. Where, they will establish various rules and regulations, by having the people surrender a certain amount of their natural rights, to achieve order. The overall abuses that could occur at the hands of the government are a small impairment that is being paid to be a part of civil society. As a result, Hobbes believes that a strong central government can be open to achieve this objective, by effectively controlling and providing the services that the peopl e require. This is significant, because it shows how within all societies there is some form of social contract that will exist on a certain level. The problem occurs when there is break down in society. People will revert to a more animalistic cause of survival, creating increased amounts of instability. It is at this point, that new societies could emerge, to address these changing realities that are taking place. (Hobbes Moral and Political Philosophy).In order to determine the relevance of Hobbes theories, we will examine them by comparing his ideas with William Goldings book Lord of the Flies. Where, this piece of literature discusses the basic foundation of human nature in comparison with law and order. This will provide the insights, as to how the social contract theory is the basic foundation for societies around the world.In Lord of the Flies, the story begins in the midst of war with a skim over evacuating a group of schoolboys. The plane is shot down over a deserted tro pical island. Two of the boys, Ralph and Piggy, discover a conch shell on the bank and Piggy realizes it could be used as a horn to summon the other boys. Once assembled, the boys elect a leader and begin devising a way to be rescued. Ultimately Ralph is chosen as their leader, and Ralph appoints another boy, maw, to be in charge of the boys who will hunt food for the entire group. Ralph, Jack, and another boy, Simon, set off on an expedition to explore the island. When they return, Ralph decides that they must light a signal fire to attract the attention of passing ships. The boys succeed in igniting some dead wood by focusing sunlight through the lenses of Piggys eyeglasses. However, the boys pay more attention to playing than to monitoring the fire, and the flames quickly engulf the fo relaxation. A oversize swath of dead wood burns out of control, and one of the youngest boys in the group disappears, presumably having burned to death. At first, the boys enjoy their life withou t grown-ups and spend a great deal of their time splashing in the water and playing games. Ralph, however, complains that they should be maintaining the signal fire and building huts for shelter. The hunters fail in their attempt to catch a chaotic pig, but their leader, Jack, becomes increasingly preoccupied with the act of hunting. When a ship passes by on the horizon one day, Ralph and Piggy notice that the signal fire which had been the hunters righteousness to maintain had burned out. Furious, Ralph confronts Jack, but the Jack has just returned with his first kill, and all the hunters seemed to be enchanted while reenacting the chase in a kind of unreasonable dance. Piggy criticizes Jack, and then hits Piggy. Ralph blows the conch shell and reprimands the boys in a speech intended to restore order. At the meeting, it quickly becomes clear that some of the boys have started to become afraid. The littlest boys, cognize as littluns, have been troubled by nightmares from the beginning, and now the boys believe that there is some sort of beast or monster lurking on the island. The older boys try to convince the others at the meeting to think rationally, asking where such a monster could possibly hide during the daytime. One of the littluns suggests that it hides in the sea, a proposition that strikes fear in the entire group. Not commodious after the meeting, some military planes engage in a battle high above the island. The boys, asleep below, do not notice the flashing lights and explosions in the clouds. A parachutist drifts to earth on the signal-fire mountain, dead. surface-to-air missile and Eric, the twins responsible for watching the fire at night, are asleep and do not see the parachutist land. When the twins wake up, they see the enormous silhouette of his parachute and hear the strange flapping noises it makes. thinking the noises that they here are that of the beast, they rush back to the camp in terror and report that the beast has attacke d them. The boys organize a hunting expedition to search for the beastie. Jack and Ralph, who are increasingly at odds, travel up the mountain. They see the silhouette of the parachute from a distance and think that it looks like a huge, deformed ape. The group holds a meeting at which Jack and Ralph tell the others of the sighting. Jack says that Ralph is a coward and that he should be removed from office, but the other boys refuse to vote Ralph out of power. Jack angrily runs away down the land, calling all the hunters to join him. Ralph rallies the remaining boys to build a new signal fire, this time on the bound preferably than on the mountain. They obey, but before they have finished the task, most of them have slipped away to join Jack. Jack declares himself the leader of the new tribe of hunters and organizes a hunt and a violent, ritual slaughter of a sow to solemnize the occasion. The hunters then decapitate the sow and place its head on a sharpen stake in the jungle as an offering to the beast. Later, encountering the bloody, fly-covered head, Simon has a terrible vision, during which it seems to him that the head is speaking. The voice, which he imagines as belonging to the Lord of the Flies, says that Simon will never escape him, for he exists within all men. Simon faints. When he wakes up, he goes to the mountain, where he sees the dead parachutist. Understanding then that the beast does not exist externally but rather within each individualist boy, Simon travels to the beach to tell the others what he has seen. But the others are in the midst of an elaborate feast even Ralph and Piggy have joined Jacks feast and when they see Simons emerge from the jungle, they fall upon him and kill him with their bare hands. The following morning, Ralph and Piggy discuss what they have done. Jacks hunters attack them and their a couple of(prenominal) followers and steal Piggys glasses in the process. Ralphs group travels to Jacks stronghold in an attempt t o make Jack see reason, but Jack orders Sam and Eric tied up and fights with Ralph. In the ensuing battle, one boy, Roger, rolls a boulder down the mountain, killing Piggy and shattering the conch shell. Ralph barely manages to escape the ensuing onslaught. Ralph hides for the rest of the night and the following day, while the others hunt him like an animal. Jack has the other boys ignite the forest in order to smoke Ralph out of his hiding place. Ralph waistband in the forest, where he discovers and destroys the sows head, but eventually, he is forced out onto the beach, where he knows the other boys will soon arrive to kill him. Ralph collapses in exhaustion, but when he looks up, he sees a British naval officer standing over him. The officers ship noticed the fire raging in the jungle. The other boys reach the beach and stop in their tracks at the sight of the officer. Amazed at the spectacle of this group of bloodthirsty, savage children, the officer asks Ralph to explain. Ralp h is overwhelmed by the knowledge that he is safe but, thinking more or less what has happened on the island, he begins to weep. The other boys begin to sob as well. The officer turns his back so that the boys may regain their composure.The plot and the story of in Lord of the Flies, underscores the different views that Hobbes would have on how societies were structured. In Lord of the Flies, the boys were somewhat traumatized from the plane crash and the backdrop of the war. This would create the basic foundation, for the overall amounts of fear that they would have, when they first arrived on the island. This fear was hidden, as the social contract that existed in the military school would remain in place in the beginning. Over the course of time, the lack of rules and these fears would begin to take on a life of their own. As it would work similar to a cancer, that would eat away at the old social contract theory. Once this began to occur, it meant that no one would take respons ibility for maintaining this basic foundation. At which point, the social structure began to unravel, with the lack of rules (state of nature) and fear manifesting the changes that were occurring. Where, the majority would begin to become victims of their own fear, by believing the fact that monster was on the island. It is at this point, that the state of nature would take over and two different sub societies would emerge (one loyal to Ralph and the other loyal to Jack). This rivalry would cause the boys to engage in actions that were prohibited, in the society they came from. As their fears about the monster attacking them, would force them to kill one of their own. When confronted with this reality, the state of nature would continue to evolve in a perverse way, by denying what happened. As the majority of the boys, would seek out Ralph, in an effort to kill him. It is as this point that a total state of nature exists, as the old social contract has been destroyed and a new sub s ociety has been created in its place. This confirms the ideas of Hobbes, by highlighting how a social contract exists on some level within all societies. This is because the various rivalries as well as individual competition have caused many people to seek out safety, comfort and protection. When this take place, it means that the actions of individual will begin to change, based upon these new social norms that exist. In Lord of the Flies, this is best illustrated at the end of the book, with Ralph becoming the hunted. As the former social contract that existed at the military school was no long relevant. Instead, a state of nature took place, with a new social contract theory emerging. Where, Jacks group will dominate and determine what is best for everyone. This is significant, because it highlights how shifts can occur in all societies. Where, when the people will become fearful and lose faith in the leadership is when, changes will take place. It is at this point, that they wi ll seek out new social contract, as the underlying confusion from the state of nature, will force everyone in this direction.At the same time, it can cause the ethical views that someone would have about various issues to change, based upon the underlying state of nature. Using the book Lord of the Flies, the changes in ethics occurred with the indiscriminate killings of the other boys. As this state of nature and the lack of rules, would allow this kind of behavior to be acceptable. At which point, the underlying social contract and the ability to enforce the different rules will change. This is important, because it underscores how the ethics of someone, will be influenced based upon the overall state of nature.Clearly, the book Lord of the Flies highlights how Hobbes theories on human nature and ethics are correct. Where, a social contract, that exists in all societies will form a basic foundation for how various individuals will behave. This will affect the ethics of everyone, a s the different rules and regulations will determine the most acceptable behavior. When the people lose confidence in the social contract that exists, a state of nature (lawlessness) will begin to take shape. Over the course of time, this will cause the individual to act differently, as they do not have the social contract curb their actions. However, a constant state of battle exists within society, as the lack of ethics will cause everyone to constantly clash with each other. To provide some sort of stability, a social contract is created between the people in society and the government they have. Where, the people are agreeing to lose a certain amount of their natural freedoms, in order to have some kind of stability in their lives. The trade off, is not engaging in various activities allowed in a state of nature. In doing so, the social contract will have an impact upon the ethics and behavior of everyone within society.

Developing Equality and Transparency

Developing Equality and TranspargonncyPlaton School Model United Nations 2014 7th 9th butt 2014Forum Special Political Decolonisation CommitteeIssue Promoting serious governance and res publica through transp atomic number 18ncy and contactityStudent Officer Anastasios Kardamakis amaze ChairPERSONAL INTRODUCTIONEsteemed Delegates,My name is Anastasis Kardamakis and it is an honour to serve as a chairman in the fore coming 4th PS Model United Nations Conference. I am 16 years old and I am currently a student of the second class of the Arsakeio broad(prenominal) School of Patras. hope that you impart exclusively take particular interest in the issues of the Political committee since they atomic number 18 crucial and affect us today. I would like to endorse personal research on the multiple aspects of the issues and come prepared to the conference acknowledging your countries policies as well as current affairs. My final advice will be to come up with creative solutions and ha ve a strong will for lodge in all procedures.INTRODUCING TOPICAddressing todays inter-linked challenges requires sound,forward-looking public policies and transparent, responsible governancestructures that embody solidarity with the poorest and most vulner equal to(p)Secretary ecumenic Ban Ki-moonGender comparability is more than a goal in itself. It is a set up for meeting the challenge of reducing poverty, promoting sustainable development and building good governance.Former Secretary everyday Kofi AnnanThe dawn of the 21st century has been marked by the unlimited access to information and international efforts aiming at the protection of human mightys and equality of all forms. Both the aforementioned brotherly trends are key aspects of the universally recognized ideal of democracy as well as the so called good governance in the community of nations. Therefore, it is the duty of every national giving medication and a responsibility of the United Nations system to ensure that every governmental activity is transparent and every group has equal rights with the others regardless of their origin, religious beliefs, social status, sex, educational and financial background as ways to make headway democracy and good governance.DEFINITION OF KEY-TERMSGovernance the activity of governing a land (Oxford go Learners Dictionary). Governance is considered good to the degree in which a countrys institutions and processes are transparent.Democracy a system of government in which all the people of a country can vote to elect their representatives (Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary)Transparency the fact of being transparent (Longman dictionary of contemporary English). In the context of the state transparency actor that the citizens are aware of the plans and actions of the government and its institutions.Equality the fact of being equal in rights, status, advantages etc ( Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary).The equality forms that are associated with the is sue are sexual urge,political,religious,racial and legal ones.HISTORICAL AND BACKGROUND INFORMATIONGood democratic governance and EqualityIn a democracy there is, first that most minute of virtues, equality before the LawHerodotus, ancient Greek historianEquality is a key aspect of democracy and good governance. When the mob revolted in France in 1789, among others, they demanded equal status of all the citizens before the law and human rights .The female movements all over Europe and America in the 19th and 20th centuries called for sex activity equality and the African people rose their arms against the western colonizers because the wanted to gain their independence and bring an end to the discrimination owing to their origin. These examples from human annals confirm how important gender, social, racial and legal equality is for the progress of humanity and the promotion of democratic reforms. When all the citizens of a nation are equal, then all the opinions on collective ma tters can be heard and therefore the purpose of pluralism is served. Many conventions have been signed and ratified by States aiming at the maintenance of equal rights such(prenominal) as but not limited to the design on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW),the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action, International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD) and the United Nations Declaration of Human Rights. Those treaties protect and cordially endorse the aforementioned forms of equality. When women are empowered and able to vote and work, foreign nationals are not afraid to practice their cultural and religious beliefs in public. Everyone is subject to the same laws and their personal freedom is ensured, then the states are able to achieve sustainable development, the economy flourishes and the ties between the members of a society are tight. In essence, these are the characteristics of good governance. So it is apparent to anyone that strengthening equality of every form is a solid way to promote good governance and democracy.Good democratic governance and transparencyInformation is the currency of democracyThomas Jefferson, 3rd US PresidentAccording to the United Nations, democracy and good governance must be characterized by transparency. Transparency and more specifically social transparency is the cornerstone of democratic governance as it enables citizens everywhere to hold institutions and governments accountable for their policies and performance. It is based on a combination of politics and moral philosophy in which the interests and needs are focused in the citizen. When the citizens are fully aware of the implementation of national policies, the work of institutions and the actions of their elected governments, there is trust and rectify cooperation between individuals and the authorities, the public sector is free of corruption and bribery and the right of every person to kno w the way his government acts is not being abused. The spick-and-span technologies allow the continuous flow of information regarding a countrys policies and as a result everyone can be informed about the modish updates. In other words, transparency provides a universal rationale for the provision of good records management systems, archives, and financial regulatory and monitoring systems whilst fighting corruption which hinders the right of knowledge of the society. Last but not least it has to be mentioned that the large movement toward transparency dates back only in 1990s when international organizations such the UN,IMF ( International Monetary Fund) and the World Bank wanted to see democratic practices and stable political Leadership in various phallus States.TIMELINE OF IMPORTANT INCIDENTSEvents tie in to equality1787 United States constitution was the first to include equality before God and Law as the Founding fathers realised that this was a way to promote democracy in the newly founded State. However, this was a premature statement because it lacked basic forms of equality such as racial and gender one and it would take umpteen years to develop as a constitutional idea.1789 This year the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen was signed. Its first article reads Men are born and hang in free and equal in rights .This declaration was the foundation of the brief French Republic.Neither the French nor the American revolutions and their philosophical foundations however led to full gender or political equality. It would take many years of revolutions, feminist and anti-discrimination movements as well as wars until equality became a basic concept of legislation.1948 The United Nations General Assembly adopts the Universal declaration of Human Rights. Its first article reads All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.This show is not just important because it stated that any form of discrimination towards an individual is outlaw. It also promoted democracy as most constitutions today include it as their first clause.Many Member States of the UN have signed acts or treaties so as to end inequality. One example is the United Kingdom which in 2010 utilize Equality Act 2010 that aimed at reducing socio-economic inequalities, reforming and harmonising equality law and eradicating differences in pay between male and female employees.Events related to transparencySome outcome of transparency existed in the Athenian democracy where there was a system of civilian oversight of public funds and the wealth and incomes of all public figures (including generals), so that they did not benefit from their public positions. In the 18th and 19th centuries with a rise in representative government accountability and transparency became much broader in scope. The U.S. Constitution required the legislative and executive branches to publish laws, regulations, and proceedings. Most western countries though be gan to adopt domestic legislation for accountability and transparency in the 1950s.In gain to that the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) has select standards and proposes model legislation to govern institutions, such as corporations, nonprofit organizations, and trade unions. The United Kingdom has also enacted encompassing freedom of information legislation for the public sector. In 1996, the IMF stressed the importance of promoting good governance in all its aspects, including by ensuring the rule of law, improving the strength and accountability of the public sector, and tackling corruption, as essential elements of a framework within which economies can prosper. Finally, in 2003 the United Nations adopted the United Nations Convention against corruption (UNCAC) which proposed mechanisms to assail corruption.MAJOR PARTIES INVOLVED IN THE ISSUEOrganisations and agenciesUnited Nations Through the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the Unit ed Nations Democracy Fund (UNDEF), the Department of Political personal business (DPA) and the Office of the High Commissioner for the Human Rights (OHCHR), promote human rights, the rule of law, and womens participation in political life to ensure the access to information by strengthening legislation and media capacities. In particular, the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) has adopted the resolution A/RES/55/96 which promotes and consolidates democracy. Moreover in 2007 the UN adopted resolution A/RES/61/245 making the organization more transparent.CountriesThis issue is general and therefore affects all countries both those which need a political transition to democracy and those which are in need of democratic reforms.Countries with non democratic systems In this category belong states with authoritarian regimes, monarchic, communistic or theocratic ones. In cast to exemplify, some of these countries are DPR Korea, the Syrian Arab Republic, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia ,t he Peoples Republic of China ,Kazakhstan and the Islamic Republic of Iran. Because of their political system freedom of expression and participation in democratic procedures do not exist. There is no transparency or equality, even legal or gender one which have been deemed heavy nowadays. United Nations statistics show that in these Member States high levels of corruption especially among high officials and poverty problems have not been eradicated.Democratic Nations The majority of the modern states diminution into this category. However, there is always the prospect of reforms so as to ensure that all governmental actions are transparent and the human rights in terms of equality are not violated. This is because many cases of suspicious illegal governmental actions have been reported among with human rights abuse ones. States have to realize that so as for them to savour the benefits of good governance, fundamental human rights must be respected.POSSIBLE SOLUTIONSAll delegates a re highly encouraged to find their own solutions to this issue after taking into retainer their countries policies. This study guide is purely to help them gain an insight into this political topic but some realistic and possible solutions would be that all Member States ,despite their different views about politics, engage in negotiations for better equality of their citizens and also agree on the establishment of an independent UN agency under the Secretary General whose main responsibility will be to promote transparency by encouraging and consulting governments to publish their decisions on line and in newspapers as well as combat corruption and bribery because both actions undermine good governance. Also, each Member State can open a national-level dialogue with individuals in order to increase participation of all national groups to governance and become more transparent. Finally, Non-Governmental organizations such as Transparency International and Human Rights Watch can inc ite the Member States work by organizing educational campaigns and reporting any case of corruption, lack of accountability and inequality to the United Nations and its relevant agencies.BIBLIOGRAPHYAFRICAN CHARTER ON DEMOCRACY, ELECTIONS AND GOVERNANCE 28 Dec. 2013 http//www.achpr.org/instruments/charter-democracy/Democracy Web 28 Dec.2013 http//www.democracyweb.org/accountability/history.phpUN adopted resolution A/RES/61/245 28 Dec. 2013 http//www.un.org/ga/president/62/issues/resolutions/a-res-61-245.pdfUnited Nations cyberschoolbus 28 Dec. 2013 https//cyberschoolbus.un.org/briefing/governance/gvprogress.htmUnited Nations global issues /governance 28 Dec. 2013 http//www.un.org/en/globalissues/governance/United Nations global issues/ democracy 28 Dec. 2013 http//www.un.org/en/globalissues/democracy/index.shtmlWikipedia / Equality Act 2010 28 Dec.2013 http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equality_Act_2010Multimedia resourceshttp//www.youtube.com/watch?v=HoQFKv7SFzAhttp//www.youtube.com/watc h?v=ao0qAoApT1Mhttp//www.youtube.com/watch?v=BV6epYm5h18

Character Analysis Of Annie Hall Movie Film Studies Essay

Character Analysis Of Annie H every(prenominal) Movie Film Studies EssayOverview of the characterization Annie Hall is a classic romantic comedy in Ameri gutter which explores the nature of sexual family relationships. The movie is focus on the relationship between both main characters Alvy Singer and Annie Hall. They had gone thought happiness and tears over years. However, due to their different personality and view of life, they finally break-up and lived their own lives with other partners They live, they rage, and they whop up.About AlvyAlvy has described his life as unhappiness, suffering and full of loneliness at the beginning of the movie, and he was obsessed with deaths. Seemly, he was pessimistic. He only saying the worst side of citizenry and all the things are negative in his eye, this feature point out his hostile characteristic. He can non trust people and damp judgments based on his own perception and value.When Alvy was young, his living environment was detr imental. For example, when he was nine, he read a book talking about the universe is expanding and forget one day explode he was criticized as a child of acing on early sexual impulses of kissing a female classmate he suffered from shadow of being a Jewish and narcissist. These experiences had affected the exposement of his personalities of becoming pessimistic, self-loathing and inner anxiety.Alvy belongs to neuroticism, according to the Big Five model of personality types demonstrable by Costa McCrae. He shows depression, hostility, anxiety, and impulsiveness. His senseal is al modalitys changing over the time and unstable.About AnnieIn direct contrast, Annie is an aspiring singer from the Midwest, with a flighty personality, dangerous streak, eclectic wardrobe, who intentions words like la-dee-da, Grammy, and neat. she provides much of the positive attitude in contrast with Alvys negative.Relationship between Alvy and AnnieBefore Annie, Alvy had twain failed marriages. The story had no provided nett explanation of why he failed these two relationships, and we can still make a guess based on the story plot. It might because of Alvys Neuroticism characteristic and different abideations on each other.Alvy and Annie were sweet and passionate at the beginning of theirs relationship. They had sex frequently that could possibly get a Guinness record, which is a gambol from Alvy. However, time make it different now. They gradually had sexual problem surpassing Alvy thought that Annie did non make savour with him wholeheartedly, however, Annie insisted that there was just a work to another stage of their relationship.Other than their sexual problem, Alvy and Annie were holding very different views towards lives. Annie thought Alvy did not try to understand her and was too self-central. For instance, when Annie had a bad bodily fluid due to overslept, Alvy just thought that she was angry since she was in a period. Annie verbalise he was too selfi sh to improve himself appear on her, since Alvy of thought she was not smart enough and lack of procreation. Moreover, Alvy did not like marriage and shipment, which made Annie mad and reconsider about their relationship, Did Alvy really love her? But, we can understand that Alvy have a bun in the oven his love in own special ways.Their difference had caused their relationship become problematic. practise of Psychological Theories for RelationshipLove, always is the abstract feeling and complex emotion of human beings. Therefore, psychologists assay to develop some scientific approaches to let people know more about it.In the following paragraph, I would to use three psychological theories to analyze the relationship between Alvy and Annie. There are the 1) Love triangle theory, 2) supplement theory, and 3) Love style theory.Love Triangle Theory and its ApplicationThe theory was developed by Robert Sternberg, and which suggests that a relationship develops by three components and A perfect love should be consisted of all of them. The three components are 1) passion, 2) commitment, and 3) intimacy. belovedPassion is a very strong subjective feeling that about a persons. It is an intense emotion pressing feeling, enthusiasm, and the desire for something. Passion including the emotion those lead to romance, physical attraction, and sexual consummation. Usually in a relationship, the passion is very strong at the beginning. This explains why some couples have sex more frequently at beginning but then decline by time. Passion might fade out if the relationship is not maintained well.In the movie, we can specify Alvy showed his passion thought had sex with all his partners among all three relationships. Because they were sexually and physically attractive to each other. Looking at the relationship with Annie, Alvy said that they had frequently sex at the early stage of the relationship but then decrease and created sexual problem. This is the normal phenomen on told by this theory that passion is unremarkably stronger at the beginning and then become weaker over times. This is what we saw on their sexual problem, and a proceeding to another stage of their relationship said by Annie.CommitmentCommitment is a promise, the intention that how much people want to stay in the relationship. In the short term, it refers the decision to remain with another and in the long term, the shared plans and achievements made with that other. For example, a man loves his girlfriend seriously and wants to live with her for the rest of life. He could make the long term commitment to hook up with her.Before Annie, Alvy had marriages twice. Getting marriage is considered as a kind of long term commitment. Although the marriages Alvy had were failed, we can know that Alvy is kind of person who willing to make promise, at least to his personal level.Annie thought that Alvy did not like marriages and making long term commitment with her. This might because of their expectations is different with each other. To Alvy, he had already had two unsuccessful marriages, and he may not want to get into marriage and being hurt again. Alvy was messed up when Annie tried and true to move into his apartment, and he did not restrain that having a relationship meaning to living together. His view toward love was very different with Annies, and which to her living together indeed commitment is.However, we can still fool the intention of Alvy that how much he wanted to be with Annie. He let Annie to live with him when their relationship just started. He displayed a short term commitment that wanted to remain Annie by letting her in. But he failed to make long term commitment with Annie and which about consider the future of their relationship. For example, Alvy flew to California and tried to gain Annie back to stay with him in unused York, but that was not viewed as long term commitment or expression of love to Annie, because Alvy did not making any promise for their future plans like marriage with Annie.IntimacyThis is constructed by two elements, 1) the overlapping self-concept and 2) inter dependence behavior in the relationship.Self-concepts This is about how people perceive who they are. Those may include dreams, goals and aspirations in life. In explain the Overlapping self-concept, there is about when two people come together and find their joint farmings, and willing to share their similar lives.Interdependence behavior These are interdependent relation to overlapping self-concept. In a relationship, people expect they can depend on their partner to attain certain targets together. This is the process that request give-and- prefer action in order to achieve common goal. They are the relation expect their future lives are rely on their partner, and trust and understanding is important.In the movie, Alvy failed to display intimacy for his love. Alvy and Annie had different view and expectations toward their own and liv es. They both have their self-concept and did not overlapping with each other. For example, Annie loved California and wanted to live there, but Alvy hate there and insisted that he only wanted to stay in New York. Since Alvy is self-central, he unwilling to give way to Annie and try to solve the conflict between them, this restricted Annie willingness to stay with Alvy because she could not find a common ground with him.Without overlapping self-concepts in their relationship, it is difficult to perform interdependence behaviors because they did not try to perform give-and- take action and fully trust on each other. Eventually, this is explained that Alvy and Annie are unable to depend on each other and live together for life long.Hence, Alvy showed his intention to stay with Annie and remain her. But he did not pertain serious thinking about their future. When Annie thought there was no long term commitment and no intimacy in their relationship, their love is just take court of In fatuated Love. They are just physically and sexually attractive to each other but did not overlapping self concept with their partner. sapless relationship made their passion gradually faded out over time even uptually their love had gone reasonably.Attachment Theory and its ApplicationAttachment style is likely to exert a very pervasive influence on the individuals relationship with others, because it reflects general views about the rewards and dangers of interpersonal relationships.There are quaternary types of attachment styles, and divided into secure and the insecure type. In this movie, we discover insecure type of Fearful-avoidant attachment appears on Alvy.Fearful-avoidant attachment (Low self-esteem, Interpersonal Mistrust)Fearful-avoidant people view negatively to themselves and also the partners. They are afraid of getting close with others in order to avoid rejection or being hurt. The reasons behind is because they unwilling trust others or to depend on them. They a re often hostile and dont realize when they are getting angry. Also, they tend to have problems getting along with others, are often jealous, and tend to use alcohol to reduce anxiety in social situations.According to the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology written by Patricia Noller and Judith Feeney, they mentioned that Avoidant attachment holders had a relatively less satisfying and intimate relationship. This was what we saw on Alvy.As we know that Alvy did not trust and rely on others. He was self-loafing characteristic and always tried to keep distant from others. Obliviously, Alvy belong to fearful-avoidant attachment style. They are kind of people that fear of being hurt, since Alvy had failed in marriages twice, he avoided getting too close with people, but desired a close intimate relationship at the same timeTherefore, Alvy displayed sort of distance from Annie when he with her. He argued about Annie movie into his apartment, and claiming that having a relations hip not meaning to live together. On the other side, he desired to get closer with her. He asked Annie to take some adult education courses in University for improve herself. While Annie went out to have a meeting with the University professor, Alvy distrust Annie and spied her. Because of he was hostile and thought there were affair between Annie and the professor. Alvy viewed all things negatively, and unwilling to trust people, including the one he love. This Fearful-avoidant attachment character on Alvy had affected his relationship with others and also unable to develop true love relationship with Annie. Compare with other attachment holders, they might experience less the Candy of love because they avoided intimacy with others, and did not trust with wholehearted.Love Styles and its ApplicationThis style was developed by John Lee and which suggests that there are six love style displayed by human beings. The six love styles are Ludus, Storge, Eros, Pagma, Mania, and Agape. Eac h love style is developed by peoples personalities and leads to various acts in the relationship. Ludus and Storge are the love styles that we saw on Alvy.LudusLudus is a game of playing love. They strive to fulfill their inescapably of Entertainment and Excitement in love. They are enjoying to having sexual excitements with different partners. For them, love is not to be taken too seriously and emotions should be kept in check .Researchers have found that ludic lovers are linked to sexual aggression.Psychologists pointed out that Avoidant attachment holder would more likely perform Ludus love style. Seemly, we can see Alvy perform in this way. He met and also had sex with different women after broke- up with Annie. Alvy might just fulfill the sexual excitement with those unfamiliar women, and even did not consider there are love existed between them, because his heart still belonged to Annie. When Annie called him, he decided to cheat to her that he saying he was but and rush to Annie immediately by left his temporary partner on the bed.StorgeStorge love lacks passion and intensity. This style of love usually begins relationship out of friendship, which lastly develops into feelings of romantic love and intimacy. They are still able to be friends after separated. Sex is viewing as bonus to them, but not the usual way to express their love. For them, commitment is the bonding that linking them together, thus, it is more important.Viewing the Alvy and Annies relationship, they had the Storge love style. They felt interested in each other after they first met in tennis court. They build their relationship from friend to lover, They talked, dated and finally fell in love.Although their relationship becomes problematic, they were still important to each other. For example, one night that Annie found two spiders in her bathroom, Alvy ran to her in the early morning and help her kill that two big spiders, even they were broke-up already at that moment. To Alvy, An nie always was the special one that made him changes, although that he was still self-central.ConclusionThe Neuroticism personality and Fearful-avoidant attachment style of Alvy was the main factor leading to the breakage of the relationship. Alvy brought his own value into the relationship, making all things negative. Also, he did not trust and kept distant from others and self-central. All these behaviors caused Annie could not stand him anymore and leading their relationship to disappointed result. Alvy was not able to develop commitment and intimacy with his partners and taste the Candy of perfect love eventually.Although Alvy and Annie broke-up finally, they were still building a relationship in term of friend. From the movie, we can understand that Alvy love Annie very much and wanted to gain her back. He wrote a play at the end of the movie, with the same conversation that they had in California, but different shutdown with Alvy successfully gaining Annie back. Alvy was hopi ng that one day Annie would understand his love.In my opinion, the movie was quite sad because it was not with a happy ending. However, it did a good job in deliver message about the self reflection in love and that We should treasure the love you got(Word Count 2652)

Holistic Treatment of ADD/ADHD :: Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder

Holistic Treatment of ADD/ADHDDear Mrs. SmithIm writing this letter to you because I am concerned ab by your daughter. Jane is often staring out the window and runs to it to get a closer look at the peaceful animal or insect. She often yells out the answer or butts in front of the early(a) students because she cant wait her turn like the other students. The hardest thing Im dealing with is that Jane is constantly talking out-loud, fidgeting with her toys, and also she never sits still. I am concerned about her and I would like to look at a conference with you to discuss having Jane tested for attention-deficit disorder or attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. This may not be the case, but I would just like to figure out why she is falling behind the other students. Please feel free to call me anytime to set up this appointment my number is 555-1234. Thank you,Mrs. Johnson October 20, 2000This letter represents the fibre sent by teachers to many pargonnts about children who a re thought to have ADD/ADHD. Attention-deficit disorder and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, most commonly known as ADD and ADHD, are neurobiological disorders that are most common among children however, they are not unheard of in adults. An internet article entitled Understanding and Identifying Children with ADHD First step to Effective Intervention put out by the US Department of Education cites several different causes of ADHD such as pregnancy and birth, illness, contract poisoning, injury and prenatal medicate exposure. Children who have been diagnosed with ADD or ADHD have trouble paying attention, are often hyperactive, and act on impulse. Although drug treatment is the most common antidote to ADD/ADHD, a combination of diet, air intervention and medication is the best antidote for ADD/ADHD. Diet, although often overlooked, is exceedingly effective in combating or lessening the effects of ADD/ADHD. James B. Lavalle discussed the problem of a person having poor nutrition as a viable cause of ADD/ADHD in his article Emotional, Nutritional Issues Offer Treatment Insight that was published in Drug Store News. He writes, It seems plausible that several nutrient depletions and food intake issues can be linked to possible causes of ADD and ADHD. Because of a link between poor nutrition and ADD, in that respect can be a reversal by integrating proper nutrition to a person with ADD/ADHD. This addition can, with a combination of behavior interventions and medication, help stop the signs of ADD/ADHD.

The hard drive uses two important principles about the magnetic fields. :: Computer Science

The ponderous drive uses two classic principles about the magnetic fields. When we write entropy onto the hard drive Cit uses the uprightness of electromagnetic induction and some material is magnetic.The hard drive uses two important principles about the magneticfields.When we write data onto the hard drive it uses the honor ofelectromagnetic induction and some material is magnetic.When we read data from the hard drive, it uses the Lenzs law.How hard disk drive worksFirstly we should know the two important part of the hard disk drive,1. platters and mediaWe put all of the data onto the platters. They are inside of the harddrive. There are several pieces of platter in the hard disk drive,maybe three or four. They are made of special material. The materialmust be strong and light. Because there are high whirling rates, whenthe hard disk drive working. Traditionally, people often use aluminumbecause it is a light material. But today, most platters are made frommaterial correspo nding glass or ceramic composite. These light, strongmaterials have a very low thermal expansion, and compare to aluminum.They washbowl withstand higher forces. So the platters can run faster.Older hard disk drive can only run at 3600 to 5200 rpm. Todays onescan run7600 to 10000 rpm.There is a layer of magnetic material on the surface of the platters.Today a thin-film media is used here. Thin-film media is a microscopiclayer of pure metal bonded to the substrate surface through an meantimelayer. Because the distance between head and platters is very small(about 10 micro inches), but they can not touch with each other. Sothe thin-film media is very immediately and is coated with a protective layerto help survive head crashing.2. the arm and read and write headThe arm that holds the read/write heads is controlled by the mechanismin the upper-left corner, and is able to move the heads from the hubto the edge of the drive. The arm and its movement mechanism areextremely light and fas t. The arm on a natural hard-disk drive canmove from hub to edge and back up to 50 times per second. It is hardto believe. But it is the truth.Simply, The read and write head is a ferromagnetic core. It canproduct a variety magnetic fields through a variety current to be ableto write data onto the media in ASC2. And also can product varietycurrent though inducing the variety magnetic field on the surface ofthe platter to read data from the hard disk drive.