Personality academic career effectiveness

Where I am now? What skills have I achieved? Where do I stand in the universe in footings of employability?In the last academic twelvemonth, during my internship with Modman ‘s Royal Caf & A ; eacute ; , Lucknow ( India ) as a selling executive I gained practical accomplishments and besides it provided me with the significant value required in the workplace. I was given several different duties like developing spouse dealingss, carry oning conferences, etc. this besides included promoting and heightening the current services of the concern. During the internship I learned assorted selling constructs and theoretical accounts which helped me to analyze the market with broader position and besides facilitated me to use the theoretical cognition practically in the workplace. I worked with different people coming from all walks of life which helped me in deriving assurance and provided me with the existent universe experience. ( Refer Appendix B and Internship Certificate ) The labor market in India has become more complex than earlier and it is indispensable to possess specific accomplishments and cognition in order to last in the market. Over the class of my internship I developed a strong personal work ethic which will assist me in developing my hereafter calling ends. The ground to why I am determined that I will be able to digest because the internship allowed me to develop those accomplishments and moralss which are critical in the workplace, it provided me with comprehensive mentality and besides it has placed me in a much better place to do picks about my future calling way. Furthermore, I visited Leeds ( U.K. ) for my 3rd semester. The experience I had in the U.K. has made me more determined as an person. This gave me an penetration into my personality that I have developed my accomplishments globally.How Leeds affected me and my perceptual experiences?I learned different facets of life. My visit taught me a batch ; I have improved my accomplishments unusually. I have become more independent than earlier. During my class of survey in Leeds I had joined many societies like picture taking, composing, print devising, etc. I learned a batch during this span of clip by pass oning with different people from different civilization and backgrounds. I got an penetration into their head set that how people think. Talking on the professional line, cognizing people globally has developed my networking accomplishments and communicating manner. What I have experienced and learned from my visit is decidedly traveling to assist me in the hereafter both mentally and pro fessionally.What I am after my visit?I am know more concerned about making out and run intoing the demands of others, though I have to work harder on guaranting that I do non compromise my ain involvements at other peoples ‘ disbursal. Most significantly, I have to work on my clip direction accomplishments to make the timely and orderly completion of any given undertaking. ( Refer Appendix D ) Talking on the development perspectives, I am know a really responsible individual and have learned to prioritise things around me. This has developed and enhanced my employability accomplishments to a great extent. During the last academic twelvemonth, with the aid of assorted faculties I was able to larn different facets of the concern environment. ( Refer Appendix E )Faculty NameWhat have I learned from this faculty?How can I use these skills/knowledge to the things I do in the hereafter?Global Business ContextThis faculty helped me in understanding and researching globalisation. I learned how a concern formulates, what impacts globalisation can hold on concerns. It besides provided me with the recent constructs and model of the planetary environment.During the class of this faculty I had assorted assignments which helped in broadening my accomplishments and cognition which included the launching of a new merchandise to giving a complete item oriented analysis of the chosen state which would be favorable for making concern. Looking from a planetary position, this will decidedly assist me in increasing the possible benefits of any concern and able to function to its bottom line.Employability S killsThis faculty helped me in understanding assorted employability accomplishments required in the labor market.During the class of this faculty, I worked in a squad of 6 members each of us belong to different background, it helped me to understand and pull off diverseness. ( Refer Appendix B.1 ) I learned what difference a C.V. could make in order to happen me an appropriate occupation? Furthermore, I along with other squad members ran an appraisal Centre through which I was able to larn how to interview and besides how to acquire interviewed. From a future position, this will assist me in understanding the needed employability accomplishments in the planetary labor market.Business Analysis and patternThis faculty helped me in groking what is concern? This included strategizing, determination devising, managing the fundss of a company, selling of the merchandise, effectual reading of the information. It besides involved an extended research and seting the research into a program.D uring the class of this faculty, I along with 5 other members worked in a squad. This integrated set uping an car company, from giving a trade name name to the company to its strategizing. I was the pull offing manager of the company, this gave me an penetration into a concern, and I developed my acumen throughout the working of the program. Besides, it helped me to develop my leading skills unusually. ( Refer Appendix C.1 and B.3 ) . What I learned from this faculty will decidedly assist me to per se understand the planetary labor market and client perceptual experiences in any concern.Human resource ManagementThis faculty helped me in understanding the function of HRM and how to use assorted HR policies in an administration maintaining in head the critical apprehension of demands and wants of the employees. ( Refer Appendix C.3 )During the class of this faculty, I learned what HR policies are and how it can impact an administration in both negative and positive ways. This included the declarations to be provided for the given instance survey and using the HR policies by supplying them with feasible recommendations and their possible benefits. This will decidedly assist me in future to move as a HR analyst and supply any concern with executable recommendations which will turn out to be productive.Operationss ManagementThis faculty helped me in developing the ability to understand assorted operations performed in an administration and selectively use operation direction constructs to assorted administrations to better operational public presentation.During the class of this faculty, I learned assorted properties of measuring an administrations operational activity. This involved an person based multimedia instance survey which helped me to grok and analyze assorted operational activity of an administration by supplying them with executable recommendations in order to better the public presentation. From a future position, this will assist me in developing and measuring the operational activity of any concern and therefore bettering the operational public presentation.Pull offing Workplace DiversityThis faculty helped me in understanding the construct behind pull offing diverseness.During the class of this faculty, I learned assorted positions related to diverseness and their positive or negative impact on the concern. It included an person based item oriented analysis speaking about the favoritism in the workplace and what possible policy measures a company should integrate in order to win as a concern. From a future position point, this will assist me to understand assorted diverseness issues predominating in an administration and how I can work to do administration diverseness positive in order to derive upper limit from the employees.Business Decision MakingThis faculty helped me to develop an apprehension of psychological, behavioral and systems positions of determination devising in an administration and promote an analytical and sy stematic attack to determination devising.During the class of this faculty. I along with 5 other members worked in a group to analyze and place the given issues in the instance survey and provided with executable recommendations with their hereafter benefits. I developed my teamwork and managing accomplishments during this appraisal. ( Refer Appendix C.2 ) Teacher ‘s reported on my teamwork and public presentation that I have the strength of acquiring along with people holding different positions towards life. This along with managing and taking a squad, I believe will represent my invaluable strengths sing the alteration which is required in today ‘s universe and do a difference in whatever I do.Why I think that what I learned from these faculties and other experiences will assist in the hereafter?India being an emerging economic system, occupations are increasing twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours. We are all cognizant that late skills development has become one of the top precedences of our state. In the present scenario, employers are besides cognizant about the employability accomplishments required for a peculiar place. The grounds to why I think that I have improved my employability accomplishments are the faculties and the experience ( U.K. ) from which I have learned a batch in the last academic twelvemonth. Though there is a room for more development, but the faculties helped me in understanding and analyzing my ain abilities through which I have improved my soft accomplishments which play a critical function in the present planetary environment. So this is why I strongly believe, what I learned has made me more & A ; lsquo ; employable ‘ than before non merely in the Indian labor market but all over the universe.

Against School Essay

In his essay â€Å"Against School† John Gatto argues that public education cripples America’s kids in many different aspects of their lives. Gatto claims that compulsory schooling is what is wrong with our nation’s educational system. He states that schools are really laboratories of experimentation on young minds and drill centers for the habits and attitudes that society demands. â€Å"I had more than enough reason to think of our schools—with their long-term, cell-block-style, forced confinement of both students and teachers-as virtual factories of childishness (Gatto, Against School). † The only real purpose of schools, Gatto believes, is to turn the children into servants. Throughout their twelve years of schooling students are forced to conform to society’s expectations, and along the way the students and teachers lose the value of a true education. Do we really need school? Does school have to be in this exact design, â€Å"Six classes a day, five days a week, nine months a year, for twelve years (Gatto, Against School)? † Does it mean attending a cold lifeless classroom, surrounded by fellow students that are bored with their studies and a teacher who seems to have little to no motivation left? Gatto specifies a significant number of successful Americans that were not put through the schooling system but still turned out to be productive such as, George Washington. Gatto says, â€Å" We have been taught (that is, schooled) in this country to think of â€Å"success† as synonymous with, or at least dependent upon, â€Å"schooling,† but historically that isn’t true in either an intellectual or financial sense. † Gatto believes the main reason for the existence of schooling is to train uniform citizens and reduce originality, therefore, making every individual the same. Also, he says the school system is made for certain profits to the economy because it encourages obedience to authority and promotes manipulation in children’s attitudes, including the determination of their social roles. The schooling system’s main focus is to integrate the social, economic and political economy into the children’s studies. Ultimately, Gatto concludes that school drills children to be employees and consumers. A child’s capacity for imagination and maturity is limited rather than encouraged by compulsory schooling, which should have never been the case. There still may be a glimpse of hope at the end of this darkened tunnel. Gatto claims that if teachers and parents put enough effort in, they could help kids â€Å"take† an education rather than receive it. When children â€Å"take† an education they are active participants in their future, which becomes the key to their success. However, when students passively receive an education they may have the knowledge on hand but do not know how to put it to use. He supposes he can bring out the best qualities in children by giving them the chance to make decisions and take risks from time to time, rather than confining them to schooling. By encouraging the best qualities of youthfulness, introducing kids to competent adults, allowing children to take personal risks and being more flexible about time, texts, and tests Gatto believes the whole outlook on our schooling system could be changed. Throughout his essay, â€Å"Against School† Gatto warns of the dangers of our public schooling systems yet, his cynicism is balanced with positive suggestions for those who want change. He illustrates how school is a prison where children are forced to grow up at a rapid pace and are denied the right to make their own decisions. On the other hand, he suggests that if you know the logic behind school systems, their traps can easily be avoided and therein lies his answer: â€Å"School trains children to be employees and consumers; teach your own to be leaders and adventurers. School trains children to obey reflexively; teach your own to think critically and independently (Gatto, Against School). † Gatto gives various examples about how teachers can take action to make the school system better but when they don’t reach beyond the norm the responsibility for ensuring a truly educated and mature child may depend upon the parents.

Eric Whitacre Biography

Eric Whitacre is one of the most well known, performed, and awarded choral composers in the modern day choral scene. Eric was born on January 2, 1970 in Reno, Nevada, dabbling in piano lessons as a child and later, in junior high, joining marching band, and playing synthesizer in a techno-pop band. Believe it or not, Eric dreamt of becoming a rock star. (Bowen) Although he is not among the likes of Metallica or The Beatles, Eric has won a Grammy for Best Choral Performance for his album â€Å"Light and Gold† in the past year, as well as a nomination in 2007 for â€Å"Cloudburst and Other Choral Works†.He is the youngest recipient ever of the Raymond C Brock Commission given by the American Choral Directors Association, awarded in 2001, as well as numerous other awards from the ACDA, the Barlow international composition competition, and American Composers' Forum. (Official Website Biography) Although Whitacre is known for his choral works, he also writes and composes for wind ensembles, full orchestras, a full musical titled â€Å"Paradise Lost: Shadows and Wings†, as well as pieces for solo voice and supporting instrumentals. The most known piece that Eric has composed is the acapella choral piece titled â€Å"Sleep†. Sleep† is a SATB choral piece. The story behind this haunting song is that Julia Armstrong, a lawyer and professional mezzo-soprano from Texas, wanted commision Whitacre to compose a choral that would be performed by the Austin ProChorus, where she was an avid member of the choir. She wanted the piece to be a memorial of her beloved parents, who died within weeks of each other after fifty years of marriage. She wanted the piece to use the poem by Robert Frost, called Stopping By Woods on a Snowy Evening. Whitacre agreed to take on her request and was deeply moved by her story.Unfortunately, after a careful composition by Whitacre and a breathtaking performance of the piece by the Austin ProChorus, Robert Frost's e state forbid Whitacre from using the poem in any way for the piece. The poem will become public domain in 2038, but he did not have that long to wait as other directors were practically begging to use the piece for their choirs. Instead of letting the piece â€Å"lie under his bed, dead†, as Whitacre said, he talked it over with his wife and decided to ask his friend and poet Charles Anthony Silvestri to compose a poem to set words to the iece. Silvestri was a trusted lyricist for Whitacre, writing lyrics for Leonardo Dreams of His Flying Machine, Lux Aurumque, Nox Aurumque, and Her Sacred Spirit Soars, all celebrated Whitacre pieces. Tony incorporated a lot of the same ideals of Stopping By Woods on a Snowy Evening, the biggest being ‘sleep'. Whitacre says that he loves Tony's poem more than he ever did Stopping and will never set the words to Frost's poem to his song, even when it becomes available in 26 years. (Whitacre) The piece itself is musically exquisite.It gra bs your attention almost immanently. Whitacre uses this method of stacking voices at crucial points in the plot by splitting every voice part into two parts, so what was a four part becomes an eight part. The texture and the dynamics are maticulously planned and formulated, as if Whitacre were sitting there telling a story about a personal experience, but the choir was doing the speaking for him. There are moments when you can feel the pain and anguish he wanted to express just through the dynamic of the voices. The emotion of this piece is palpable.The lyrics read: â€Å"The evening hangs beneath the moon A silver thread on darkened dune With closing eyes and resting head I know that sleep is coming soon Upon my pillow, safe in bed, A thousand pictures fill my head, I cannot sleep, my minds aflight, And yet my limbs seem made of lead If there are noises in the night, A frightening shadow, flickering light†¦ Then I surrender unto sleep, Where clouds of dream give second sight. What dreams may come, both dark and deep Of flying wings and soaring leap As I surrender unto sleep As I surrender unto sleep. † (Official Website)The last few bars of the piece are of the sopranos holding the word â€Å"sleep† and the other voice parts singing â€Å"sleep† in a two note pattern, growing quieter and quieter into absolute silence. I believe that the song, in its core, is about death. Perhaps, Silvestri wrote the piece with someone in mind who was very sick and their death came as a relief, almost as sleep does at the end of a very long and tiring day. Whitacre does something in his music that is so unique and complex, it is almost hard to believe that he did not know how to read music when he attended the University of Nevada as a Music Education major. Bowen) The way that he builds chords to provide moments of tension is seventh or ninth chords, with or without suspended seconds and fourths and root-position major triads with an added major seco nd and/or perfect fourth. (Shrock) Whitacre also uses unconventional chord progressions, meter changes, and harmonies. He is also known to use hand actions or props, as he does in the piece â€Å"Cloudburst† when the singers use snapping, clapping, and stomping to imitate the sound of a rainstorm.With all of that being said, Eric has almost nothing in common with other composers of our time, and honestly that is what gives him so much of an edge. He is willing to step out of the box and be daring and different and that risk has paid off. Works Cited: Bowen, Meurig. â€Å"Whitacre: Offical Biography. † Web article. (2006): n. page. Web. . â€Å"Official Biography. † Official Website. n. page. Web. . Whitacre, Eric. â€Å"The Story Behind Sleep†. Official Website. Web Article. (The song can be heard on this link) Shrock, Dennis (Mar 2009). Choral Repertoire. Oxford University Press (USA). p. 761. ISBN 978-0-19-532778-6.

Economics for Tourism, Hospitality and Leisure Case Study

Economics for Tourism, Hospitality and Leisure - Case Study Example Due to Guam’s close association with the economy of Japan, misfortunes in the latter have seriously affected the economic situation in Guam. Nonetheless, the scenario has improved in Guam eventually although the trend of tourists has changed significantly (Dougan, 2007). A deep investigation into the behavioural pattern of the new generation of Japanese tourists has yielded a sharp contrast to the older lot of travellers. Hence, the policymakers need to frame new marketing, supply and operational decisions for boosting their tourism sector to be at par with its past glory. Marketing Decisions An empirical study shows that Japanese tourists prefer Guam over other tourist destinations owing to the proximity between the two and the picturesque beauty of the place. The Japanese are found to be mostly concerned about their security while touring and thus, the Guamanian policymakers need to market their increased concern towards security of their tourists and beautifying the spot. I n addition, the high demand for luxury items might also be employed by the policymakers for marketing tourism in Guam. A weak dollar against Japanese Yen has reduced the relative price of many branded items in Guam than they are in Japan which could be used as a ploy by policymakers to attract tourists (Moutinho, Curry, & Rita, 1996). Supply Decisions Supply decisions which boost tourism in Guam are those which help in drawing more and more tourists within the nation. Supply decisions are essentially those which take a note of the demand situation and then frame supply schedules so as to maximise profits (Walker & Walker, 2011). In the present instance, the demand decisions of Japanese tourists are found to be dependent more on their per capita income rather than the prices of commodities. Moreover, they incline more towards luxury items available in Guam. To meet their needs of regular items, the Japanese tourists recently have turned their attention towards discounted commodity st ores. Hence, the policymakers should choose to enhance the supply of luxury items in Guam as increase in sale of discounted commodity items do not assist in boosting the level of income in a nation. In addition, the Guamanian policymakers could also employ those tools which give them an edge over other tourism destinations in terms of opportunity costs. For instance, the hotel room rates in Guam are far cheaper than those in other tourist destinations with the downward trend especially noted post the Asian financial crisis, on account of high dependence of Guamanian tourism on the economy of Japan. The policymakers can also choose to instruct all Guamanian hotels towards keeping their prices low as well especially at times when the Japanese economy is experiencing a low. Moreover, at times when the demand is low, the policymakers can choose to adjust the availability of airline seats so as to keep the prices constant and reduce chances of loss. Operational Decisions The operational decisions that the policymakers should adopt to boost the Guamanian tourism sector would tend to improve the financial flow within the economy (Knowles,

HRM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

HRM - Essay Example Strategy and HR In the case of introducing UniCall, Unibank was headed towards the right direction strategically. New entrants under established brands with innovative service are already in the market bringing with them the convenience of banking. If Unibank will not introduce Unicall, it will eventually fade into obsolescence that will undermine the bank’s existence. In short, Unicall was a business imperative to keep the business relevant in the market. What the HR was lacking is preparation for change or Change Management when it restructured itself in introducing Unicall. Change management Change is inevitable especially in a business setting. Factors like the external and internal environment precipitates the need for change and the organization has to respond to remain viable and competitive as a business entity. According to Murthy in his book Change Management, change is â€Å"to make or become different, give or begin to have a different form, dissatisfaction with o ld and belief in the new† (2007: 7). There are two factors that bring about change, the external and internal environment. ... But implementing and managing change is not easy. In the case of Unicall just like in any other oganisation, people who are accustomed to their old ways are often hesitant to change. In fact, the biggest obstacle is change is often the internal factor that comprises 81 % of the time compared to the external factors that is only 19% of the time (Murthy, 2007: 19). The labour union and employees may have resented the closing of many small local branches but the biggest impact of this change was in the performance of Unicall employees which was beset by many problems due to the new work arrangement that the spin off has brought. Such, people are a major focus in implementing change management which Unibank should have prepared before fully introducing Unicall. People are the major focus of organizational change because â€Å"it is the people who will ultimately cause the change to be a success or a failure. The implications of change on individuals are important without which we can ne ver really hope to manage large scale change effectively† (Murthy, 2007: 23). Resourcing (HR planning; recruitment; selection and flexibility) Unibank did the right thing in HR planning when it attempted to redeploy existing employees when possible, but also needed to recruit new staff to work in the national call centre. It was also mindful of the relatively high unemployment rates in the West Midlands that UniBank decided to locate UniCall just outside Birmingham. Unibank was conscious enough to realize that employees will be dislocated with the closure of many small local branches that it attempted to redeploy them to avoid economic dislocation among its

Adaptation of Hills Like White Elephant Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Adaptation of Hills Like White Elephant - Essay Example Women and men; seduction stories bring to the screen three stories each of which is focused on a man and a woman. Ernest Hemingway perfectly describes the setting of the story it a description of the view of River Ebro and white hills from a point at the train station in Spain. The girl likens the mountains to elephants which the American had never seen. These hills across the valley of Ebrol are described to be long and white with no shade or trees on the inside unlike the setting in the movie which shows the American and the girl seated with drinks on the table as they continue with their journey. The settings in the novel as well as in the movie do not show any variation as they are similarly outlined. The American and the girl are the main characters of the story. However, the American does not reveal his name; neither does the girl address him by his name. The American’s convincing nature is clearly shown as he tries to convince the girl undergo an operation without carin g about the girl. The girl is the female protagonist in the story. The American addresses her as jig although her real name is not revealed in the story. The girl being less sure of what she wants tempts the American to convince her to have an abortion. The girl seems not to care or worry about her self-worth as she is ready to undergo abortion (operation) as long as the American loves her. She is not straight forward about what she actually wants. â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† consists of the dialogue between the American man and the girl with only few narrated segments in the story as opposed to the lengthy stage direction and frequency of occurrence in the women and men; seduction stories movie. This keeps the reader in the dark about the previous actions of the character and their motives. The aspect of flash is well captured in the women and men; seduction stories movie which helps the viewer to keep pace with previous actions, character’s actions and intentio ns or motives. This helps to set the mood and also establishes the landscape in understanding the conflict of the characters. The inability of the girl to speak Spanish with the bar attendant is an illustration of how dialogue is emphasized and her independence on the American and also shows the difficulties she had in expressing herself to other people. The American and the girl as well as the underlying conflict are characterized by the content and the manner of conversation which demonstrates radical compression and a higher degree of suggestiveness and implication. This is demonstrated during the first interaction between the American and the girl regarding the choice of a drink in which the girl asks the American. This conversation outlines the lack of the girl’s free will to ask for a drink while showing the manipulating character of the man. Conversation is also evident when the girl begs the man to stop talking after she realized that their conversation were futile. T he girl begs him ‘†¦.please, please, please, please†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Language and communication between the American and the girl become intense and more focused as the couples’ relationship is in a crisis due to the girl’s pregnancy. The couple seems to struggle in their conversation on the course they relationship will take especially when in public. To make matters worse, the readers are left not knowing whether the couple was able to find a common ground as the story ends

Coursework 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Coursework 2 - Essay Example Africans in the Congo were given only a margin education, ordered by missionaries, and served as clerks. Africa was ruled either directly or indirectly by the colonial powers. Officials were appointed from the ruling European country, which also passed laws for its African territory. Africans were taxed by the colonial powers and could not pass any measures without approval from the ruling European power. Although colonization of Africa as a whole was devastating for Africa, there were some positive effects. The spread of Christianity could be considered a good outcome, depending on ones religious outlook. During colonial times, African people came into direct contact with European culture, and may have been able to benefit from some of the new ideas. To some extent, some infrastructure such as railroads were built. In addition, it has been stated that â€Å"time spent under [British] colonial rule is positively associated with democratic survival† (Bernard et. al. 225). But the common consensus is that Africa is still recovering from the period of colonization. The website "Time Travel to the Korean War" does a good job of briefly describing the different periods of the Korean War, organized in separate sections. For instance, the first section presents the final events of World War II that led to the division of Korea along the 38th parallel by the United States and advancing Soviet Union troops from the North. Other sections of this website describe events in Korea between WWII and the Korean War; the events following the Norths attack on the South; counterattack by U.N. troops; the involvement of Chinese and other foreign troops; the aftermath of the war; and recent events in Korea. This website is a good short introduction to the Korean War. The BBC website, "In Depth: The Korean War," offers a brief summary of the war. The site also contains

Seismic engineering Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Seismic engineering - Research Paper Example The occurrence of earthquakes is mainly in the areas that happen to be on the edges of tectonic plates. As the brittle structure of the plates hit each other in its movement over the softer lower layers, the shock waves travel through the crust of the earth in the form of earthquakes (Walker 2007). This is now detailed event specific on how an earthquake happens. There might be a variety of ways that plates brush against each other causing an earthquake. This is directly in relation to the geological setting of these plates which will be described in the specific case ahead. http://www.cini.org.uk/progressreports/prkashmirearthquake.html Taking the 2005 Kashmir earthquake as an example, it is simple to understand how geological settings of plates influence the earthquake zones and the damage caused. Killing over 80,000 people in Pakistan and over 1,000 in India as well as leaving over 4 million people without homes, the earthquake was one of the devastating contemporary earthquakes ( Roza, 2007). Earthquake matching the size of this one impact human civilization at range of fronts (Roza, 2007). Pakistan has been labeled as being vulnerable to seismic events in general and has experienced earthquakes from time to time (Kakar 2008) because of its position over the edge of the Indian plate (Khan 2000). The Indian plate runs through the full length of the country (Khan 2000) making many areas of the region in the most affected zones of the earthquakes. Research alludes, the higher the presence of plates (and hence the plate boundaries) is, the higher the earthquakes occur in the region (Ford & Taylor 2006). This has been exemplified by the comparison that Pacific ocean has more earthquakes since it has more tectonic plates than the Atlantic ocean (Ford & Taylor 2006). The plate movement is slow enough to be measurable in centimeters a year yet the interaction, scraping and the hitting of plates even at that pace is enough to cause seismic events that have significan t effect on the earth’s surface (Ford & Taylor 2006). http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/KashmirEarthquake/ The Himalayan mountain range, which itself has been born out of the seismic instability from the plates’ interaction, has had the same reasons for its birth in that specific region as that of the plate tectonics. The geological tectonic setting is such that any plate collision results in earthquakes along the fault lines which go right through the length of the country (Khan 2000). Reports attributed more than 978 aftershocks to the earthquake on daily basis (ReliefWeb 2005) that were at times of greater magnitude than the earthquake itself. Sudden slip events at the plate edges cause the shocks that travel through the length of the fault lines (Hubenthal et. al 2008). The elasticity of the earth’s crust

Also related to Electronic Engineering Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Also related to Electronic Engineering - Essay Example If the average mission time for the vehicle to go submerged and returned to surface is 1 day and 12 hours, compute the reliability of this control system for the mission. (ii) Compare the reliability of a single oxygen control system and that of the â€Å"duplicate†ystem above given the same individual component specifications and operating conditions, inclusive of mission time. EMI or Electromagnetic interference is a naturally occurring phenomenon when the electromagnetic field of one particle or device interrupts, hinders or corrupts the electromagnetic field of another particle or device by coming into proximity with it. While EMC or Electromagnetic Compatibility is the capability of a system to work in its own electromagnetic environment without creating any kind of electromagnetic disturbances to any other system in that environment. Broadband Interference is interference which has a broad spectral energy distribution and exhibits a wide frequency range. It is normally measured in "decibels above one microvolt (or microampere) per Megahertz"   e.g., dBuV/MHz or dBuA/MHz. On the other hand, Narrowband Interference has its principal spectral range confined to a specific frequency or frequencies.   This type of interference is usually produced by an oscillator circuit which contains energy only at the frequency of oscillation and harmonics of that frequency.   It is normally measured in "decibels above one microvolt (or microampere)", e.g., dBuV or dBuA.   The first sources of EMI are the Ground Loop Systems in the electronic equipments like the audio / video systems. This is a common problem when connecting multiple audio-visual system components together, there is an interruption of audio signals which cause a humming noise in the audio signals and produces interference bars to picture. At times, this can eventually damage the equipment. The second source of

Curriculum Planning-Alignment Assignment Research Paper

Curriculum Planning-Alignment Assignment - Research Paper Example Mathematics presents low records in successive tests for the 9th, 10th and 11th. For instance, the subject recorded the lowest scores of 3% and 17% in the Grade 9 and 10 respectively (USA, 2012). As such, this plan observes that in terms of subjects, improvement strategies should target Mathematics. In terms of grades, the 11th grade presented the best performance followed by the 10th grade and the 9th grade comes last with the lowest performance. This states that the 9th grade demand improvements; thus, the action plan should focus on such a group. According to the TAKS statistics, the performance increases up the grade levels. An objective that seems not to be met includes the need for students to comprehend the functional relationships. This means that students may get the answer but fail to highlight the procedures, which were instrumental in obtaining such answers. The objective 10 equally seems not to have been met since students show lessening knowledge in understanding and ut ilization of mathematical tools and processes. Students’ Problems on TAKS A major problem associated with the TAKS is the requirement that demands students to show how they arrived at each answer; thus, meeting the objective of comprehending functional relationships. Most students find this challenging since putting such an explanation on the paper is strenuous. As such, a student who obtains an answer but fails to justify his procedure scores poorly. According to Perna & Davis (2007), most TAKS tests provide vague questions with authentic answers not provided as one of the alternative of the multiple answers. Interestingly, students who fail such tests cannot proceed to the next grade level. Such questions come as a surprise and disappointment to most students who fail to comprehend the context of the test (Parkay, Anctil & Hass, 2006). Indeed, the test does not have an effective way of measuring students’ ability; hence, students who have sufficient knowledge may fai l the test. Notably, most students find the broad curriculum provided by the TAKS quite challenging since they fail to comprehend the objective of the subject clearly. This indicates that objective 10, which necessitates persons to utilize tools and methodologies, has not been addressed. In fact, the program outlines numerous objectives, which confuse the students in the end (Perna & Davis, 2007). Subpopulation that has poor performance According to Statistics, the subpopulation of males performs poorly in Social Studies, and the subpopulation performance varies with subjects. The performance of males in the social studies subject may be attributable to the attitude of the group. Perna & Davis (2007) observes that most males have low interests on the subject. Indeed, males’ interest tends to decline towards science subjects. Importantly, the female subpopulation presents considerable interest on social subjects hence grasp social concepts easily. In fact, this position is sup ported by the high performances realized in mathematics and science subjects by the male subpopulations (USA, 2012). An Action Plan for improving student scores Addressing objective 1: Improving the understanding of functional relationships Initially, the structure should entail examination of the lesson plans and program

The Competitive Advantage of Selling Luxury Goods Online Essay

The Competitive Advantage of Selling Luxury Goods Online - Essay Example With changing trends, more and more people also need to own these effects especially the younger and energetic members of society who spend significant proportions of their gratis time on the Internet. The web is the best strategy that can be used to promote a product to the world irrespective of their locality, but then this also has limitations. Offline selling could be an improvement when one localized business at a place of position immense importance; thus, one would argue that no Internet sales are required (Arikan 100). Â  Luxury goods have for a long time often been the preserve of the rich or wealthy citizenry within society (Keefer 209). Luxury goods often include flashy possessions such as sports utility cars, stylish designer clothes, perfumes, real estate homes, silverware and real treasures. This research is pegged on the need to determine whether it is advisable to either sell luxury goods online or offline or have a balance in the market prices so as to stem down the abuse of overpricing these goods to suit the preserve of society. Selling these goods has often been done via the traditional means of exchange involving seller and buyer interactions in physical contact (offline) with eventual purchase of the item. However, with the inception of the digital world, these transactions are now being done online (Keefer 102). Most of the luxury goods that are not bulky could well be sold online and shipped anywhere in the world at affordable prices, but when bulky and expensive materials such as new models of cars are involved; the dynamics drastically change and require proper analysis of the sales process. Â  

Significance of chapter 5 Essay Example for Free

Significance of chapter 5 Essay By making Victor agree on devoting two years of his life to creating a hideous monster, so that people can live in peace, and nobody getting hurt by the Monster again demonstrates that Victor is a decent man; but also making the creation seem even more heartless. The language used in the novel can also be related to the way the society acts towards Victor and the creation. People were deeply religious; and also the suggestion that man can posses the same powers as God was shocking and immoral to the church. Victor Frankenstein had stolen dead bodies from a graveyard, and the church thought this was disrespectful. Although the monster was created by human parts; society judged him because he was different. They judged him from what they saw on the outside rather that the inside appearance. In the gothic era, people who did not follow the code of being standard where immediately hated by the crowd and banned for the reason of being different. When the creation was deserted he wondered in to town, but he had hardly placed [his] foot within the door before the children shrieked, and one of the women fainted(4). From that moment on he realized that people did not like his appearance and hated him because of it. Society had rejected him. The novel as a whole was linked to the everyday life of Mary Shelly and what happened in society around her. She came up with the idea of Frankenstein in a time of wonder. Shelly- after losing her babies, wondered whether you could bring the dead back to life or rather create a new being. She also had a neighbour named Vultair who was experimenting on bringing frogs back to life using electricity. With in a year Shelly was living in Switzerland with her future husband Percy Bysshe. One night she had her friends come over and decided to have a competition to see who could write the best ghost story. Everyone began to write except Shelly, who was unable to think of a storyline. Desperate for inspiration, that night she had a dream; of a scientist who creates life and is horrified by the thing he has made. Historical influences in the book where brought upon the fact that Victor took on the role of being God. When Victor creates the monster it is seen as a biblical quotation. It was already one in the morning; the rain pattered dismally against the panes, and my candle was nearly burnt out, when, by the glimmer of the half-extinguished light, I saw the dull yellow eye of the creature open; it breathed hard, and a convulsive motion agitated its limbs (5). At this moment in time the monster is playing Adam, and Victor, his creator, God. Victor creates the monster as an innocent without sin. The monster is not born evil, and his corruption is not his fault. The monster becomes a violent creature after he learns from the human society. The monster was shunned, beaten and offended. His reward for saving a girl was being shot. He was like Adam. Adam was also born innocent through God, until he tasted the apple from the Tree of Knowledge, from then on he was cast from the heavenly paradise of innocence. In the gothic era science was feared because people were not ready for change. As a result of living in the dark ages; there was no great change made in sciences. When Victor made the creation using science it brought great fear to the society. People feared of how the monster looked like and what it was able to do. The novel as a hole is linked to chapter 5 because the theme of playing God is still present in the novel. When God created Adam, Adam felt lonely. Similar to how the creation felt lonely; and asked Victor to create a female companionship. However unlike God Victor did not create the female because the idea of the harm the monsters would bring towards the ones he loved was too painful. When God created Eve she sinned against him by not obeying him and eating the forbidden fruit. Fearing what the monster was capable on its own only enhanced Victors fear of what it would be capable of when another was created. In conclusion chapter 5 is very significant to the novel as whole. It is basically the turning point of the novel; where the creation is made. The writers use of language is relevant to how the characters behave and how the writer sets up the atmosphere of the novels setting. Reading the novel is educational and teaches alot, similar to how the 19th century life was different from the life we live in now. This brings up the question would the creature be treated differently if it had been created now? The whole novel is based on a what if bases and is also important for considering when it was written and the ethics behind it. This is revealed by the way Shelly uses language for contrast. The characters in the novel are more on the tow dimensional type of characters. These characters are built around a single idea or quality and are not described in a great detail. Their main role is usually to contrast or support the main characters. In Frankenstein, the only three dimensional characters are victor and his creation. These are the characters that are described in great dept. chapter 5 raises the questions that are later on answered in the novel and the story of Frankenstein explains how different Mary Shellys time was from ours. 1 (1)- Book- Frankenstein/ the modern Protheus. Author- Mary Shelly Published-1993 by worldworth edition limited Chapter 5 page 30 (2) -Chapter 5 page 1 (3) -Chapter 5 page 37 (4)- Chapter 11 page 57 (5)- Chapter 5 page 56Â   Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Miscellaneous section.

Advantages Of Autonomous Vehicles

Advantages Of Autonomous Vehicles Autonomous cars, or cars that run without a human driver, have been in development for over the past few decades, starting from the late 70s and extending towards the present date and even beyond. During the early stages, the autonomous vehicles were slow in speed and even in reaction time. Nowadays, with technological advancement, coupled with better research knowledge and funding towards further development, product improvement has clearly been observed. From the early days of mechanical feedback systems to modern software incorporation, numerous improvements have been made. 2. Advantages of Autonomous Vehicles Finding from the World health Organization (WHO) several years ago regarding automobile accidents: Accidents expenditure in the United States reached $230 billion; with over $30 billion going into health care. Such will only increase, because the road accidents are expected to be the third largest killer worldwide by 2020. There are two possible approaches to make cars safer. Systems can be implemented to make a car accident less lethal or to prevent accidents. Also, from an energy and efficiency point of view, in general, people are not able to drive the best as well. Having computers to do the driving is going to save energy significantly. However, since vehicles are networked and with traffic flow synchronized, it is an apples-to-orange comparison. Autonomous cars wont have to tackle congestion and stop-and-go traffic, as is present today. Road travel will speed up, more predictability, and passengers will have ample space to focus on other things while travelling. The vehicles will be a lot less heavy. There will be a reduced need for designs to deal with impacts, as the heavy vehicles of today are driven by error prone humans, nor a need to be equipped with protection instruments to protect drivers (e.g. crumple zones, airbags, or even seatbelts). Further advantages of driverless vehicles, aside from the significant safety and energy benefits that would be presented with their use, will be an increase in transportation access. Aged, restricted mobility, poor, and even the language illiterate individuals can safely travel. It will be like having a chauffeur at all times. 3. Integrating technology to make an autonomous vehicle For vehicles to be made autonomous will require advanced sensors and actuators to coordinate hand in hand. Definition of sensor and actuator Sensor A device that detects or measures a physical property and records, indicates, or otherwise responds to it Actuator An actuator is a mechanism responsible for the movement or control of a machine, apparatus or system. It utilizes energy, commonly transported by air, electrical current, or fluid, and translates that into a type of motion. 3.1. Sensors in an autonomous car In an autonomous vehicle, apart from speed sensors, sensors are used for lane position tracking as well as front obstruction detection. This comes in the form of radars. If lane positioning or safety distance is not within safety parameters, the sensor will send signals to the microcontroller. From there, the microcontroller will coordinate the various actuators such as throttle, steering and brakes to enable the vehicle to stay within the parameter. Various sensors used in the mobilization operation of autonomous cars includes a radar reflective stripe system with a vision based system for lane location sensing, a radar system and a scanning laser range finding system for the detection of obstacles ahead of the autonomous car, and various assisting sensors including off-centre looking radars and one angular rate gyroscope. Figure 1 shows a sketch of an autonomous car with the various sensors, actuators and operating devices. 3.2. Actuators in an autonomous car Brake Actuators Coordinate car speed with the sensors and/or users pre-input. Used for slowing down the car when there is a need to. Steering Actuator The steering actuator is a motor controlled by the car in-built microprocessor. The microcontroller takes in signals from the various sensors to steer the car which is done by directing the motor for controlling the angle of the wheels. Throttle Actuators Used for controlling the output of the cars engine based on the sensor or users pre-input. This will increase and reduce the speed of the vehicle as well as maintain. 3.3. Current technologies, design and construction concept used to realize various sensors and actuators in an autonomous vehicle 3.3.1. Electronic Scanning Radar Electronic Scanning Radar is an inexpensive effective object-detection system that utilizes electromagnetic waves, specifically radio waves, to determine the range, direction, or speed of both mobilized and stationary objects. Radio waves or microwaves transition from the radar sensor bounces off any object in their path. The object will then return a tiny portion of the waves energy to the antenna which is normally located at the same spot as the transmitter. Radar technology has the ability to measure positions and speed vectors of multiple targets at the same time, with precise accuracy, within a short time frame. Detection and tracking algorithms are normally given in a one-box-design and some manufacturers allow space for vehicle/customer/application specific code in the radar systems. The ESR enables a wide coverage at mid-range and high-resolution long range using stand-alone radar. Wide and mid-range coverage not only enables vehicles cutting in from adjacent lanes to be detected, but also determines vehicles and pedestrians along the width of the vehicle. Long-range coverage gives accurate range and speed data, with great object discrimination that can identify as much as 64 targets in the vehicles path. The ESR also allows powerful functionality which includes the following: -adaptive cruise control -forward collision warning -brake support -headway alert 3.3.2. Brake actuator One method of braking widely used by autonomous vehicles, although also widely used in contemporary vehicles, is the disc braking system. The main components of disc brakes comprise the following: Brake pads Caliper containing a piston Rotor that is mounted to the hub The disc brake is quite similar to the brakes on a bicycle. Bicycle brakes use a caliper, which forces the brake pads against the wheel. In a disc brake, the pads forces on the rotor instead of the wheel, and with the force being transmitted hydraulically instead of a cable. Friction between each pad and the disc slows the vehicle down. A moving car contains kinetic energy and by stopping the car, the brakes are actually removing this energy. The brakes do this by converting the kinetic energy into that of heat. Therefore, in most cars, ventilation is provided for the brakes. 3.3.3. Adaptive Cruise Control Adaptive cruise control utilizes forward-looking radar with its installation located at the back of the grill of a vehicle, to identify the speed and distance of the vehicle in front of it. Adaptive cruise control is of the same principal as conventional cruise control in that it maintains the vehicle pre-set speed. However, unlike the contemporary cruise control, this implementation can automatically adjust the speed to maintain a safe distance from vehicles along the same lane. This is performed through a radar headway sensor, digital signal processor as well as a longitudinal controller. If the front vehicle slows down, or should another object get detected, the system will send a signal to the engine or braking system to slow down. Subsequently, when the road gets cleared, the system will increase the vehicle speed back to the set value. Cruise control is an example of a closed-loop control system Closed and Open Loop Explained In a closed-loop configuration, a feedback component is being sent together with the input. The difference in the input and feedback signals is sent to the controller. In response to the difference, the controller acts on the process forcing the output to change in a direction that will cause reduction in the difference of the input signal and the feedback component. A closed-loop system has the ability to regulate itself in the midst of disturbances or variations in its own characteristics. Hence, a closed-loop system has an advantage over that of an open-loop Likewise, a cruise control has an input signal of a desired velocity. This goes through any number of amplifiers in the mode of transfer functions and gains, and then, outputs a signal which the motor utilizes to modify its power. Disturbances in the system may include wind speed, bumps on the road, etc. When these obstacles affect the speed of the car, data passes through from the end of the control system in the form of velocity data to the beginning, where it makes appropriate changes to the input signals so it can then properly adjust the speed of the car. Closed loop control systems has its output compared with the desired parameter settings and the process is varied in order for the output to satisfy the requirement. The accelerator of a conventional man-driven vehicle, on the other hand, is an example for an open-loop control. This is a simple link between the gas pedal and the car engine. When stepped on, the engine propels the car, and this does not stop until you remove the input signal (Pedal stepped on with continued pressure). Should there be obstacles along the way, this will affect the speed of the vehicle so long as pedal is being stepped on to a certain particular extend. Open-loop systems provides an output according to the desired set point irrespective to the changes that occur due to certain disturbances in the process. An open-loop control system is influenced directly, and only, by an input signal, without the beneficial use of a feedback. 3.3.4. Oxygen Sensor A vehicle oxygen sensor, also known as a lambda sensor, is a small sensor installed into the exhaust system of a petrol engine for the measurement of the oxygen concentration that remains in the exhaust gas to enable an electronic control unit (ECU) to control the efficiency of the engine combustion process. In majority of all modern automobiles, including autonomous ones, these sensors are installed at the engines exhaust manifold to identify whether the mixture of air together with gasoline going into the engine is rich or lean. That means too much or too little fuel respectively. 3.3.5. CAN-bus CAN Bus is a multiplexed wiring system commonly utilized in the connection of intelligent devices such as Electronic Control Units (ECU) on vehicles, allowing data to be transferred in reliable manner at a lower cost. This also reduces the need for massive amounts of cables In a vehicle. CAN stands for Controller Area Network and it was development was by Bosch, in 1980. Majority of new vehicles utilizes this system and it is becoming more difficult to install after-market products without the use of a CAN Bus Interface. CAN bus is commonly used in autonomous vehicles. 4. Capabilities and Potentials as well as the limitation for the various telematic devices in an autonomous vehicle 4.1. Disc Brakes Today, in almost all automobiles, both conventional and autonomous, disc brakes are the most found .They are better at stopping vehicles than many other type of brakes; which is why they are still in existence since 1902. High speed vehicles need better brakes to slow them down, so most probably a disc brake would be installed. Limitation Heat retention is a common problem with disc brakes. Unfortunately, this causes brake fade. It is where the brake components have absorbed all the heat they can possibly withstand. This means they are unable to absorb more energy and thus, will not be able to slow the car further. 4.2. Cruise Control It is definitely better to be in an autonomous vehicle. This makes life for the user easier as he do not need to drive. Also, with humans in control of the vehicle, a higher tendency of error occurs. In autonomous vehicles, one of the components that make the technology possible is the cruise control. The cruise control aids in automatically controlling the speed as well as maintaining a safe distance from the car in front. This makes travelling safer. Limitation The cruise control of todays autonomous vehicles can only track the car ahead of the equipped vehicle. This means safety is only taken in reference from the front, and not from the back. In the later part of this report, we will look into the intelligent cruise control. 4.3. Radar Sensor Radar aids in making a vehicle autonomous. Current technology enables radar to accurately detect at greater distances, identify up to 64 targets and can be integrated to an autonomous vehicle to assist in many various operations such as cruise control, braking, collision warning and headway alert. Limitation: Current implementations do not permit collision avoidance when environment is obscured with smokes and dust. 4.4. CAN-bus With the huge reduction in wiring, this leads to the following:- (i) Vast reduction in production cost; which also leads to lower retail cost. (ii) Lighter weight for vehicle, thus leading to improved fuel consumption. (b) Reduced number of interconnections, which leads to improved reliability. Limitations Installation is relatively costly, and the requirement for specialised knowledge is needed for maintenance and repair of the vehicle. 5. Continued improvements for Sensors and Actuators in autonomous vehicles The first segment in this section discusses about the improvement in intelligence provided in a sensor over the years and how it has brought about major improvements. Second section will talk about the future sensors and actuators development in autonomous vehicles. 5.1.1. Increased level of intelligence provided in sensors has and explanation to why enhancing the intelligence of a typical sensor may encourage improved performance. This section discusses the details and describes the evolution of a critical sensor in the implementation of a safety critical active controller in passenger cars called ABS (Antilock Brake System). ABS works on the principle of optimizing the wheels slips (for maximizing the brake force) in the car during the event of braking. Wheel slips are defined as below: The critical task in controlling the braking wheels of the car boils down to evaluating the speed of the vehicle and hence estimating the deceleration desired and actually achieved. The difference of which triggers the actual hydraulic pressure build up in each wheel. The complex task of vehicle velocity estimation is done through using wheel speed sensors in each wheel of the car as shown below: Until the advent of active wheel speed sensors recently, global automotive industry was using the passive wheel speed sensors for calculating the wheel speeds. 5.1.1.1. Passive Sensors Passive sensors operate with a steel tone ring application. These variable reluctance sensors are used to measure speed/position of the vehicles tone ring. As the magnetic flux through the coil of the sensor is changed, so does the resulting voltage which is then measured and used to calculate wheel speed. This technology is considered outdated and is typically bypassed for active intelligent sensors. 5.1.1.2. Active Sensors (Intelligent) Standard active wheel speed sensors operate on the Hall Effect. They are able to be used with a magnetic encoder or steel tone ring application. As the magnetic flux changes (created by an internal magnet or the magnetic encoder), the hall sensor creates an output current which can be measured and converted into wheel speed. Standard WSS only measure wheel speed and do not have any additional signals for vehicle operation. A Hall element (square shaped semiconductor layer) is supplied by a permanent current (I const). Applying a magnetic field perpendicular to the current flow the electrons are deflected due to the Lorenz force. This deflection can be measured as Hall voltage, which is perpendicular to the magnetic field (B) and the current flow (I const). The Hall voltage (V Hall) is directly proportional to the external magnetic field. The magnetic field is established either by a magnetic encoder or internal sensor magnet. These active sensors offer benefits when compared to passive sensors. The dominant factors that took the stride towards active intelligent wheel speed sensors were: Weight reduction. Size reduction. Reduction in Cost but improvement in performance. Low speed detection benefits. Passive sensors had the hurdle of building enough reluctance at low vehicle speeds but with active sensors wheel speeds can be detected with changing magnetic fields at as low as ~0.1 m/sec. Direction detection. With developing ASICs and also the magnetic encoders thereby made wheel speed sensors smarter and hence has led to the advantage of vehicle motion direction detection in the sensors. It effectively has offloaded the software task of direction detection by many folds. With detection possible at such low vehicle speeds a new development of Hill Hold Controllers was triggered in the industry. 5.1.2. Intelligent sensor and the mechanism for transferring the measurement to a central data logger or processor. Example is explained in the above question. The mechanism for transferring the measurement to a processor in this case it is ABS controller is here: CAN Bus ABS Controller Pressure application on each wheel Hydraulic controller With reference to the diagram above: The data or pulses/signals from the wheel speed sensors are collected in the special ASICs designed for this purpose from there a SPI bus architecture is used to transfer it to the software layer (HSW box above). Filtering and certain algorithms regarding determination of data usability are made in the stat machine of the software layer. Usable and filtered data is further passed down to the ABS controller through the CAN bus. ABS determines the pressure targets for each wheel and hydraulic controller applies the set targets on the individual wheels for attaining the desired stopping distance of the car. 5.2 Future Development for Sensors and Actuators in autonomous vehicles 5.2.1. Brakes In the future, the hydraulic line may not ever again be needed in an automobiles braking system. In fact, in a recent study performed by Frost Sullivan, it is predicted that, after the year 2010, the automobile industry will begin to replace hydraulic-braking systems with that of brake-by-wire. The utilization of the brake-by-wire technologies like the electro-mechanical braking system and the electronic-wedge brake is predicted to be the norm for future vehicles. This method of braking uses electronic signals instead of mechanical to achieve braking power. The electro mechanical barking system or EMB will not require hydraulic lines due to the activation of the brake being done within the wheel assembly itself. Instead of utilizing calipers, this system uses a wheel brake module. The module comprises of disc brakes and an electric motor which will be the one that activates the brakes during activation. As it is, this method of braking is known as brake-by-wire. Certain automobile companies have almost already fully implemented this system into their automobiles, namely Toyota and Mercedes. However, a full brake-by-wire system has yet to come out and will only be out in the near future. 5.2.2 Radar Future implementations will be the autonomous vehicle navigation and obstacle detection sensor radar. This device, currently being tested, will assist in reducing the quantity of separated components that is required to satisfy the needs of an autonomous vehicle. The navigation and obstacle detection can be done with just one component device. If being mounted on a suitable spot on a vehicle, this all-rounder obstacles detection and navigation radar will eliminate the need for multiple contemporary radars. This will reduce the weight of the vehicle and thus, saving on fuel cost. Furthermore, future implementations will enable obstacle avoidance and prevent collision even when environment is obscured with smokes and dust. 5.2.3. Intelligent Cruise Control In cars nowadays and in autonomous vehicles, the cruise control will only strive to maintain a safe distance from the front car. Unfortunately, this does not include the back car. With this new implementation, the spacing from the back vehicle will also be taken into consideration, together with the spacing from the front vehicle. This system also works and serves especially well when lane switching is being performed. This is due to the inadequate gap tendency between the front and back vehicle. 6. Conclusion The earlier sections in this report has aimed to bring about the ideas of current technology implementations of an autonomous vehicle. As demonstrated, there are still flaws within the system. However, with the intelligence of sensors increasing constantly, it is almost sure that many of the problems faced by autonomous vehicle manufacturers will be solved in the near future.

Impact of Trilingualism in Kazakhstan

Impact of Trilingualism in Kazakhstan Identify any ONE education reform policy/measure recently adopted by a Ministry of Education that you are familiar with, critically examine how different stakeholders have tried to shape this education policy and how the change has been introduced. Analyse and evaluate the selected education reform policy/measure in light of the literature you have read. Introduction In Kazakhstan, as in many other countries, education is highly influenced and controlled by the state education policy-makers. Tensions and difficulties arise within various stakeholders due to new policies and reforms adopted by Ministry of Education. This paper aims to analyse potential issues related to one of the new adopted reforms, namely trilingual education in schools. In this essay I will discuss how this reform was introduced by government. Intentions and strategic plans expressed through education system will be also analysed. Then perspectives of various stakeholders regarding trilingualism are discussed, drawing on data from different case studies and interviews. This topic might be important because of its novelty and scope in nowadays realities, where governments around the world try to apply different reforms to correspond with global trends. I would like to focus on this topic in order to examine potential outcomes and consequences for the future education of Kazakhs tan. I will also compare and take into account my own experience since I studied and worked in a multilingual school. Introduction of the Trilingualism in Kazakhstan What is the ideal model of education system? There is no simple answer to this question in the international professional community. In 2016, Kazakhstan celebrates the 25th anniversary of independence. Kazakhstan is actively integrating into the global community; where a fierce competition of economy, technology, education systems and etc. take place. Consequently education reforms should be done according to global mainstream. Nowadays, two trends are becoming more popular among the global education systems: (Smith Sandvik (2012)) The rapid development of information and communication technology education (e-learning, smart training, etc.) Improving the educational level of the population, primarily due to the expansion of access to education. Moreover, the education reforms carried out by developed countries can be divided into four main blocks: Education system management Lifelong learning The content of education and ensuring its quality The development of vocational education system Analysis of Kazakhstans educational policies in the framework of the State program of development (2010) shows five changes in the education system: Expansion of pre-school provision Implementing trilingual education in schools. E-Learning Developing pedagogy through the Centres of Excellence programme Extension of secondary education to 12 years of schooling According to this reform, from the 2019 year science lessons will be taught in the English language. In this section, I will discuss how this debatable and controversial reform was introduced by the government. Ongoing reforms in the education sector of the Republic Kazakhstan provide a number of initiatives, including the introduction of the trilingual education system at all levels of education, which aims to shape the future generation, fluent in Kazakh, Russian and English languages. While this reform might seem positive and meaningful, indeed due to several reasons as a time to implement the change and teacher training thus makes schools and management team struggle in the successful implementation of this reform. The objectives of language policy of the modern Kazakhstan reflects in the address of President of Republic of Kazakhstan, N. Nazarbayev, Kazakhstan in the new world (2007), in which the framework of competitiveness of country and its citizens, proposed phased implementation of the cultural project called The unity of three languages, aimed to the development of three Languages: Kazakh as the state language, Russian as the language of international communication and English as the language of successful integration into the global economy. And worth to note that, the University of Cambridge became a strategic partner of Kazakhstan in this education reform process. (10) Wilson, Reform at Scale: Teacher Development in Kazakhstan (2013). There has been created Kazakhstan Programme by the cooperation of Kazakh and English educators. The university of Cambridge, the faculty of education website states: The University of Cambridge Faculty of Education supports an ambitious and far-reaching programme of educational reform in Kazakhstan through training, research and consultancy all designed to build local capacity. [15] In accordance with the State program of development Education of Kazakhstan for 2011-2020 (2010), the English language should be studied not only as a foreign language but also be used as the language of instruction at all levels of education. Starting from September of 2016 elementary schools must implement some changes. For instance, first-grade students will be taught English in a very accessible and entertaining way. Major innovations await children and their parents from 1 September 2019 in all schools, regardless of the language of education, history of Kazakhstan will be taught in the Kazakh language, and world history in Russian. In the 2019-2020 academic years, the 10-11-graders will be conduct four subjects in English chemistry, physics, biology and Computer Sciences. Learning the terminology in English on subjects like Computer Sciences and Natural Science for students of 5 and 6 grades will begin in 2017-18 and 2018-19 academic years respectively. Due to large-scale implementation of trilingual education, there is an urgent need for teachers who can teach their subject in the English language. This problem requires special attention since the English language is not widely used in everyday communication, unli ke Kazakh and Russian languages. And this is in line with Ball (1997) who states, policymakers expect that teachers are familiar and be able to successfully implement changes; also individual policy-makers do not normally take into account complexity of the environment where changes intended for. The Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan (MoES) is currently developing the Roadmap development and implementation of trilingual education. According to State Programme of Education Development for 2011-2020 and Roadmap (2010), its expected that the percentage of the population speaking state language, by 2020 will reach 95%, in the Russian language will be speaking 90% of the population, and 20% of people will speak English. In fact, the policy of trilingualism will create the conditions for the children to study Russian and English language rather than the Kazakh language. However according to Minister of Education and Science of Kazakhstan, Erlan Sagadiyev: Why do we need to develop trilingualism? Today there is no doubt that the future of knowledge, science, information, and the competitive ability of any nation, will depend on the knowledge of the English language. This must start from school. And gradually increase the amount of English language in order to start school subject teaching at the senior school. However we need to understand the most important meaning of the implementation of trilingual education in Kazakhstan is the total knowledge of the Kazakh language by our population. The priority of the learning the Kazakh language was, is and remains. [11] It is expected that current reforms probably will slow down usage and development of state language. A shift in language knowledge and usage of it in the workplace and private lives of citizens has taken place over the past decades. Due to historical events, the North Kazakhstan is dominantly Russian-speaking, while South part of the country mainly Kazakh speaking. According to the 2009 census, the urban citizens tend to be linguistically speaking Russian-dominant. The Russian language remains the most widely spoken, with 94.4 % population indicating that they understood spoken Russian and 84.8 % indicating that they can read and write the language. In comparison, 74% reported that they understood spoken Kazakh and 62% reported that they could read and write Kazakh. This is huge numbers for the country where 65.5 % of the population are Kazakhs and 21.5 % are Russians (2014 census) [14]. All these lead to the logical conclusion that the government must take a mission to improve the q uality of Kazakh language. Kazakh-medium education needs to be improved and Kazakh people will have to use Kazakh more often in their work and private lives. In order to pilot the trilingual education in the sector of secondary education in 2007 Daryn network of educational institutions for gifted children was created. According to Ministry of education, currently trilingualism is being successfully implemented in 117 secondary schools, in 33 Daryn specialised schools, 30 Kazakh-Turkish lyceums, 20 Nazarbayev Intellectual schools (NIS). Its worth to specifically note that, the Kazakh-Turkish lyceums (Grades 7 to 11), are actively implementing trilingual education. Subjects like Maths, Physics, Biology, Chemistry and Computer Science are to be taught through English. Kazakhstan History, Kazakhstan Geography, Physical Education and Military preparations are to be taught through Kazakh. Turkish and Russian are to be taught in language arts classes. These schools are one of the most prestigious and successful in the country. I have graduated from one of Kazakh-Turkish lyceums. Moreover after graduated from university I have experience working there for 2 years as a teacher. The main reason for their success is quality teachers, teaching material and excellent management and leadership skills of school administration. Additionally, apart from English language Turkish is also taught there. The presence of native Turkish teachers also plays a big role in the quality learning of the Turkish language. The next reason is that those lyceums are situated in cities; therefore they have sufficient funding from government and different private sponsors for implementing various projects. Then there is an entry examination to get enrolled in lyceum. There are only 30 lyceums in Kazakhstan, so this makes 1 or 2 lyceums in each city. There are only 2 new classes accepted each year; this means 50 new students per school get a chance to study there. Still, there is a strong competition among students, and mainly excellent and good students get accepted. The policy makers perspective The general task of the Ministry of Education and Science (MoES) is controlling the education system by making policy and legislative decisions in order to improve. The MoES website states that: The mission of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan: Development of intellectual potential of the nation, the formation and implementation of state policy in the sphere of education and science, ensuring competitiveness and sustainable socio-economic growth. Although the primary focus of MoES is nations education, its undeniable that government is highly aware of the nation as a part of the economic structure of the country. It is clear that education must be looked at from this point of view since the purpose of education in large part is to protect the economy of the nation. Nevertheless, the economic way of treatment education paying more importance to money than the intellectual progress of the nation (Ball, 1997, Tikly and Barrett, 2011) However, there are some people who support changes. One of them professor B.Bekturganova The evidence is that the information in English-language on a global scale is greater than in German, Spanish, Chinese and any other language. To keep up with the latest innovations and developments students must be proficient in English. The educators perspective A bottom-up approach works best when new policies, reforms and changes are introduced. Jones, Potter Ebrahim (2001) also suggest that teachers should be given the opportunity to express their ideas and opinions; this will lead to the creation of shared approach for effective change. Another reason is that majority of teachers are willing to influence the design of quality systems in order to bring meaningful change to themselves and their students as shown in Jones, Potter Ebrahim (2001). Knowing and speaking three languages is wonderful skill, but this should not be done at the expense of other important subjects. For example, in rural areas, where the teachers are incredibly insufficient, who teach several subjects, trilingualism might turn to complete disaster. In my opinion, the first thing that happens after the start of the implementation of educational reforms teachers will leave schools, who taught all their lives in the same language. There is a doubt that universities will not have time to prepare a sufficient number of specialists who will be able to replace the old cadres within three years. Moreover, there is no guarantee that the young teachers will be willing to travel to distant villages and rural areas. Additionally, there is a lack of quality teachers even in cities. More teachers are leaving state schools in order to work for private schools, where the salary is considerably higher. The level of education will deteriorate, due to which the reform had begun. No doubt that trilingual education is a matter of time, and in the near future, it would be probably implemented. It seems current reforms do not fully calculated, and are made for the sake of short-term economic and political interests. If the Ministry of education, in fact, decided to modernise the education system, he would have understood that this would take time for preparation and implementation. Action should be done step by step. Firstly to prepare teachers, secondly the material base and then introducing a novelty in one sector, then in another, etc. However, in fact, government frantically trying to implement reforms altogether. Unfortunate teachers do not rest at all and taking language courses to be able to work at school. For example, Anatoly Mazura Physics, a teacher with 30 years of teaching experience says: Teaching Physics laws and rules in English Terminology is already complicated. Then, I guess Ill just have to leave a school. Not all children are able to learn in such way. There are, of course, children who can learn material fast, on the other hand, there are children who need more time, and if they all will be taught in English, unlikely that they will understand anything. There are a lot of teachers who are in the same situation as Anatoly Mazura. These teachers are thinking seriously about his future career. They need to make a choice: stay in school or to change the profession. Anatoly is not sure that he will be able to learn English in two years and to communicate with students properly, as required by the new educational reform. Innovations made by Ministry of Education scare not only teachers but also school head teachers. Irina Smirnova said that teacher staff is not able to perfectly speak, write, and also qualitatively explain the subject in English since most of the teachers are of old age. The school administration organised compulsory English classes for all teachers. Every teacher must study ten hours of theory and practice of English ten hours per week. Studying grammar and rules take most of their time. In the remaining time, teachers must practice speaking and writing skills. According to Irina Smirnova Majlis deputy, ex-principal of the school-lyceum à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾- 48 Almaty, Kazakhstan Tough we have experience in trilingual education through Kazakh-Turkish schools and Nazarbayev intellectual schools. However, nowadays according to state program there are not any English classes for 4th-grade students in secondary schools and only one hour a week at 1,2,3rd grades. It is impossible to learn a language in this situation. If we want students to know three languages, not necessarily mathematics, physics, chemistry should be taught in the English language. It is better simply to teach the language more intense, and maybe one subject which will not affect cognitive abilities of students could be taught in English. The subject technology why not do in English? I think this is a hasty decision that could lead to serious problems. Although a positive viewpoint on the subject is that Ministry of Education officials know about the level of training of Kazakhstani teachers and therefore prepare to massively retrain teachers all over the country. According to Minister of Education Erlan Sagadiyev, there are 365,000 school teachers in Kazakhstan. In general 32 000 senior school teachers who know English needed for successful implementation of the reform. As the Ministry of Education reported, teacher training for the implementation of the program and trilingual education is already being implemented as following: Nazarbayev University will prepare 675 subject teachers (chemistry, physics, biology, computer science); Nazarbayev Intellectual School and JSC Orleu will prepare 69 teachers through the updated program KATEV will teach 18,250 children in summer language camps; 680 subject teachers (chemistry, physics, biology, computer science) 84 teachers from regional specialised school for gifted children; 800 science teachers. In accordance with State Programme of Education Development (2010) teachers who teach science and math in English, is expected to increase to 15% by 2020. (3) However, rural schools in distant regions of the country will face most problems. Because even physics or chemistry teachers not enough there. In some rural schools, teachers combine two roles of math and physics teachers. According to the Ministry, the solution to this problem is to provide internet access to such schools and retrain teachers by distance learning technologies. The Ministry plans in the next three or four years to provide 90% of Kazakhstani students access to broadband Internet (today it is 76%). Also, apparently this reform will cost huge money and resources for the government. The students perspective According to the information-analytical centre and the Public Opinion Research Institute, 1055 pupils of 9 and 11 grades (66% from school with the Kazakh language of instruction, 34% from the Russian language of instruction) participated in the survey. A survey showed that only 15% of students are fluent in English. The vast majority of students (68%) do not want to study computer science, physics, chemistry and biology in English. They believe that they will learn neither English language nor the subjects due to the low quality of education, many of them consider it would be useless for their future work. It is important to note that students of schools, colleges and universities of the country are already living in a trilingual environment, so for children learning English is not a problem. Fear of studying languages is projected by parents, thus hindering students development says officials from Ministry of Education. In my perspective, I think the choice of the student to study subjects in a foreign language must be voluntary and not compulsory. Parents should have a choice whether they let their children study or not in trilingual school. Subjects in the English language should be taught only in senior schools, and only as an optional. Because today level of English language of secondary school students is not enough to adequately understand the teaching material. School teachers, who will teach subjects in English, should have an appropriate certificate, for example, TKT, CELTA, CELTYL (Certificate in English Language Teaching to Young Learners), ICELT (In-service Certificate in English Language Teaching). This will mean that teachers completed needed course. Therefore head teachers and more importantly parents will know that subject teacher has qualifications and certification to teach in English. The Parents perspective Most parents in Kazakhstan still support the introduction of trilingual education in schools. For voted 66% of mothers and fathers, while 81% said they want their children to know especially English. The information-analytical centre in cooperation with the Public Opinion Research Institute studied parents opinion about the transition to a new model of education and the level of students training. 1000 parents (urban 53.5%, rural 46.5%) took part in the survey. Researchers found that half of the respondents fully satisfied with the quality of English education in Kazakhstani schools, rest satisfied partially, the negative attitude expressed by 6%. As already mentioned the implementation of trilingual teaching was supported by 66% of parents. A quarter of respondents were against MoES initiative and 9% of parents had problems to answer. Main reasons of their concerns are related to the lack of teachers personnel and weak educational methodological base. Conclusion Kazakhstan is steadily changing its educational system towards corresponding to global trends. Educational reforms of Kazakhstan undoubtedly implementing to improve knowledge of students to become competitive in modern world realities. However, there are potential problems which may occur when implementing the reform. The main issues: a lack of teachers who can teach through English, lack of high-quality language learning materials, insufficient level of knowledge of teachers and students in rural areas. There is a general agreement amongst parents that subjects should be taught in the English language, however, some educators believe this is not possible in the current circumstances. In general, there is a concern that after implementation of trilingual education reform, development of state language will probably decrease as students will devote more time for both Russian and English language. The government should pay more attention to the development of intellectual and academic potential of students rather than the political and economic way of treatment education as shown in (Ball (1997), Tikly and Barrett, (2011)). Particularly research of Jones, Potter Ebrahim (2001) has been useful in providing ideas that educators should be given the opportunity to express their ideas and opinions; this will lead to the creation of shared approach for effective change. A full-scale launch of the trilingual education can be successful if a sufficient number of teachers who could teach in English in rural areas would be trained. One solution could be hiring foreign subject teachers for a long term. This might considerably support the implementation of trilingual education; however, it will cost a lot for the government. Overall, a wide range of work must be done, which requires sufficient human resources, time, effort, and financial investments. In this essay, I focused on the introduction of trilingual education in Kazakhstan and potential consequences of this reform in different stakeholders perspectives. I confirm that this topic should be investigated in more details since it was not possible to cover all the nuances due to resource, time and word limit constraints. The future research appears to be needed in the field of leadership and management of trilingual education in Kazakhstan. References Baimanov, D. (2016) Astana is experiencing the shortage of teachers and educators [online] Available at: http://dknews.kz/nehvatku-uchitelej-i-vospitatelej-ispy-ty-vaet-astana/ [Accessed 13 January 2017] Ball, S. J. (1997) Policy Sociology and Critical Social Research: A Personal Review of Recent Education Policy and Policy Research, British Educational Research Journal, 23, 3, pp.257-274. Bekturganova, B. (2016) We are responsible for our childrens future [online] Available at: http://www.inform.kz/ru/b-bekturganova-o-reforme-obrazovaniya-v-rk-my-otvetstvenny-za-buduschee-nashih-detey_a2892951 [Accessed 13 January 2017] Bridges, D (2014) Educational Reforms and Internationalisation: the case of School Reform in Kazakhstan, Cambridge University Press. Jones, Potter and Ebrahim (2001) Managing Curriculum Change in Schools, ERIC p20 Kapital. (2016) 66% of parents for the three languages in schools [online] Available at: https://kapital.kz/gosudarstvo/50391/za-trehyazychie-v-shkolah-66-roditelej.html [Accessed 14 January 2017] Kuchma, V. (2016) Reward and punishment of the Ministry of Education (Why the extension of the school year being criticised?) [online] Available at: https://kapital.kz/gosudarstvo/49389/knut-i-pryanik-ministerstva-obrazovaniya-rk.html [Accessed 13 January 2017] Kuchma, V. (2016) Big change in Kazakhstans schools [online] Available at: https://kapital.kz/gosudarstvo/49775/bolshaya-peremena-v-shkolah-kazahstana.html [Accessed 13 January 2017] Nazarbayev, N. (2007) Address of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, to the People of Kazakhstan. [online] Available at: http://www.akorda.kz/ru/addresses/addresses_of_president/poslanie-prezidenta-respubliki-kazahstan-nnazarbaeva-narodu-kazahstana-28-fevralya-2007-g [Accessed 18 January 2017] Nazarbayev, N. (2012) Address by the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Leader of the Nation, Strategy Kazakhstan-2050: new political course of the established state [online] Available at: http://www.akorda.kz/en/events/astana_kazakhstan/participation_in_events/address-by-the-president-of-the-republic-of-kazakhstan-leader-of-the-nation-nnazarbayev-strategy-kazakhstan-2050-new-political-course-of-the-established-state-1 [Accessed 14 January 2017] Sagadiev, E. (2016) The meaning of the introduction of trilingualism in Kazakhstan the total knowledge of the Kazakh language by population [online] Available at: http://www.inform.kz/ru/erlan-sagadiev-smysl-vnedreniya-treh-yazychiya-v-kazahstane-total-noe-znanie-kazahskogo-yazyka-naseleniem_a2897529 [Accessed 13 January 2017] Smith Sandvik (2012) Four Global Trends in Education (And Why They Matter) in MetaMetrics. The Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan(2010) State Program of Education Development in the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2011-2020. [online] Available at: https://kaznmu.kz/eng/state-program-of-education-development-in-the-republic-of-kazakhstan/ [Accessed 18 January 2017] The Ministry of national economy and of the Republic of Kazakhstan Committee on statistics (2014) [online] The official statistical information Available at: http://www.stat.gov.kz/faces/wcnav_externalId/publBullS14-2014?_adf.ctrl-state=17nhn6hpxp_4_afrLoop=14098389396800612#%40%3F_afrLoop%3D14098389396800612%26_adf.ctrl-state%3Dere6z4bhw_9 [Accessed 13 January 2017] Tikly, L. Barrett, A. (2011) Social Justice, Capabilities and the Quality of Education in Low-Income Countries, International Journal of Educational Development. University of Cambridge (2017) Kazakhstan Programme [online] Available at: https://www.educ.cam.ac.uk/centres/kazakhstan/ [Accessed 13 January 2017]

HP-48SX Scientific Expandable Calculator Essay -- Technology Calculato

HP-48SX Scientific Expandable Calculator History The HP-48SX Scientific Expandable calculator was manufactured by Hewlett Packard and the copyright is dated 1989. At the time of release, the HP-48 series was the most advanced line of scientific calculators available to those in the technical fields. I purchased the calculator in 1991 through a high school mathematics program. It has been used extensively since then for virtually every class I have taken. So far, the calculator has never malfunctioned. Material The main material of the HP-48SX is plastic. The case is hard brown plastic. The front panel is a thin metal sheet with soft plastic buttons. The screen is a large liquid crystal display. For a much more detailed description of a similar calculator, see Kim Myers' identification section for her HP-48G. Construction The internal parts of the HP-48SX consist mainly of a small CPU and its associated connections. These connections were made by soldering. The external case of the calculator was made using the technique of injection molding. The calculator was built for convenience of use. The size is perfect for the palm of the hand. Also, rubber stoppers on the bottom panel ensure the calculator does not slip on many surfaces. Design As mentioned above, the design and construction of the calculator make it convenient and easy to use. Also, the symbols used follow standard conventions which reduces the chance of confusion. The ability to produce characters of both the English and Greek alphabets gives the user the ability to write any word or equation. The keypad interface is arranged for simple use. All the buttons are labeled clearly with primary, secondary, and tertiary operations. Functions not contr... ... peers with respect to technological possessions. My HP represents my first step into high tech equipment. Lastly, my HP-48SX symbolizes success. With its assistance, I feel I can conquer any problem. Its functions gives me the capability to do so. Also, I can check my current success by accessing the grades I hold in memory. I feel that as long as I have and use my HP-48SX Scientific Expandable calculator I will never fail. I examined my calculator with a focus on academics. Many other students did not interpret their artifacts in the same terms. Alicia Moyer wrote on a turkey sandwich and the practical and recreational aspects of it. She considers her sandwich not only a meal, but also a "work of art," as well as a mental break from her schoolwork. Her artifact study is another example of one done on a utilitarian object but with a slightly different focus.

Florida State, First Impression :: Essays Papers

Florida State, First Impression When I decided to come to Florida State, surprisingly enough it wasn't for the parties. I was actually excited about coming here and studying (don't ask me why). Every other school I looked at I judged them according to how much of a party school they were and what the girls looked like. Then I end up at the #1 party school with a 5:1 ratio of girls to guys. In fact when I came here I wasn't even planning on rushing a Fraternity. When I got here though it was a whole different story. I can remember the week before school started, walking down the hall of my dorm and seeing newspaper clippings on all the doors. After a few days I got curious and decided to read one of them. It was an article about how our University was named the #1 party school for 1999-2000. The last time we had this title was in 1996. Our school has ranked in the top five biggest party schools four times in the last six years, and in 1996 it was ranked #1. For those first one or two weeks of school, everyone was making a big deal about it. I even saw it brought up on MTV News, and Comedy Central. Both shows were ripping on Sandy D'Alemberte about the comments he had tried to make to save the face of his school. His comments about the title were that it was unfair because it was not done in any type of scientifically correct manner. Another one of his arguments was that an interviewer from the Princeton Review had not been to the campus since 1997 so there was no definite way th at they could have information from students about the present social life at the school. The only information the media had to judge this on was feedback they got from student surveys, which are not the most dependable way to get information. So how exactly is this title decided? Does someone go around to different parties and decide it based on how good the parties are? Is it decided by the number of kegs bought in a set amount of time in Tallahassee?